Bell Quiz (pgs. 363 – 371) 1. This is a religious revolution that split the church in western Europe and created a number of new Christian churches. 2. Where did Martin Luther post his 95 theses AND what church did he create? 3. Why did Henry VIII break from the Roman Catholic Church? 4. What was the goal of the Counter-Reformation? 5. What was the Index of Forbidden Books?

Answers 1. The Reformation. 2. On a church door; The Lutheran Church. 3. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife 4. To return the Catholic church to an emphasis on spiritual matters. 5. A list of books that Catholics were banned from reading.

Objectives Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church. Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.

Objectives Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation. Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation.

Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Terms Reformation Indulgences Martin Luther Henry VIII John Calvin Counter-Reformation Council of Trent

Use pages 363-367 to put the following events that led to the Reformation in chronological order John Calvin forms Protestant Church in Switzerland. Martin Luther criticizes the church. Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church. Humanists urge people to withdrawal. Luther establishes the Lutheran Church. Church ignores concerns. Tetzel begins selling indulgences. French Huguenots given freedom of worship after bloody civil wars. Luther excommunicated. Church of England created. Humanists outraged by sales. Northern Humanists express concerns about the church.

The Protestant Reformation First break with the Roman Catholic Church took place in what is now Germany. Germany was not a unified nation yet. It was made up of about 300 independent states. The weak rulers could not control independent ideas about religion or abuses of power by the popes.

Martin Luther Martin Luther developed beliefs that later became known as Lutheranism. 1517, Luther publicly criticized the selling of indulgences by the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk). Luther posted his 95 theses (or statements) about indulgences on a church door. Because Luther had challenged church practices he was denounced by church leaders. By 1520 Luther openly disagreed with many other church doctrines.

Martin Luther’s Break with the Church 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and excommunicated him. The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms) Luther refused and was banned from printing his work. Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms. With the support of Frederick, Luther translated the Bible into German.

The Spread of Protestantism Many German rulers established the Lutheran Church within their states. Charles V tired to stop the spread of Protestantism. 1546 Charles V sent armies against the Protestant German rulers. 1555 the Peace of Augsburg stated German rulers had right to choose the religion for their state. Almost all the German states chose the Lutheran Church.

The Church of England England’s break from the Roman Catholic Church was political. Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Pope Clement VII refused to grant the divorce. Henry VIII started his own church, the Church of England (the Anglican Church)

Calvinism In the 1530s John Calvin founded a Protestant church in Switzerland. 1536 he published his beliefs in “The Institutes of the Christian Religion”. By the 1600s Calvinist churches were well established in many parts of Europe.

Use pages 368-371 to fill in the graphic organizer by listing the methods used by the Catholic Church to achieve their counter-reformation goals. Goal Methods Used Revive Spirituality 1. 2. Combat Heresy Define Catholic Doctrine 3. Slow the Spread of Protestantism

Counter – Reformation 1530s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort, called the Counter – Reformation (or Catholic Reformation) Goals of the Counter - Reformation Return the church’s emphasis to spiritual matters. Make its doctrines more clear. Campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism.

Counter – Reformation tactics Pope Paul III appointed devout and learned men as bishops and cardinals. Brought the Inquisition to Rome. Did not use Inquisitions to punish Protestants Goal was to keep Catholics within the church Pope Paul IV established the Index of Forbidden Books.

The Council of Trent 1545, Pope Paul III called a meeting of church leaders to the city of Trent. The Council of Trent met 3 times between 1545 and 1563 Defined the official church position on matters of doctrine. Ended the sale of indulgences. Tightened discipline within the clergy. Supported beliefs that Protestants had rejected.

Jesuits Jesuits: the Society of Jesus. Founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. 1540, Pope Paul III recognized the Jesuits as an official order of the Catholic Church. Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope. Organized like a military group. Became the most effective group at spreading Catholicism. Stressed education, and founded some of the best colleges in Europe.

Results of the Religious Upheaval Appearance of many different churches in Europe. A strong interest in education. Reading became increasingly important. Increase in the power of national governments. Decrease in the power of the pope.

Review How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? What were the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation?