Organ Systems The circulatory system The circulatory system

What is the purpose of the circulatory system? The purpose of the circulatory system is to: The purpose of the circulatory system is to: Transport nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the body. Transport nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the body. Transport wastes and CO2 away from the cells to be excreted. Transport wastes and CO2 away from the cells to be excreted. Transport hormones. Transport hormones. Work with immune system to fight off infections. Work with immune system to fight off infections.

What are the components of the circulatory system There are three major components of the circulatory system. 1. Blood 2. Blood vessels 3. The heart

The Blood There are four major components of the blood. Each plays a very specific role. There are four major components of the blood. Each plays a very specific role. The components are: The components are:  Red Blood Cells  White Blood Cells  Platelets  Plasma

Red Blood Cells Red blood cells are red because they contain the molecule Hemoglobin. Red blood cells are red because they contain the molecule Hemoglobin. Their primary responsibility is to carry oxygen to the cells, and carry CO2 away from the cells. Their primary responsibility is to carry oxygen to the cells, and carry CO2 away from the cells. Red blood cells have no nuclei. Red blood cells have no nuclei. Red blood cells are created in your bone marrow. Red blood cells are created in your bone marrow. Sometimes they are referred to as Erythrocytes. Sometimes they are referred to as Erythrocytes.

White Blood Cells The white blood cells function to help your body fight off infections. The white blood cells function to help your body fight off infections. There are different types of white blood cells, but they all work towards the same purpose. There are different types of white blood cells, but they all work towards the same purpose. Sometimes white blood cells are referred to as Leukocytes or lymphocytes. Sometimes white blood cells are referred to as Leukocytes or lymphocytes.

Plasma Plasma is the liquid portion of your blood, and it is made up mostly of water. Plasma is the liquid portion of your blood, and it is made up mostly of water. Dissolved nutrients and wastes are carried along by the plasma. Dissolved nutrients and wastes are carried along by the plasma. Hormones are also trasported through your body in the plasma. Hormones are also trasported through your body in the plasma.

Platelets Platelets are the smallest portion of your blood. Platelets are the smallest portion of your blood. Platelets are responsible for repairing breaks in your blood vessels. Platelets are responsible for repairing breaks in your blood vessels. The secrete a stickly protein called fibrin, which helps to clot blood at the site of a break. The secrete a stickly protein called fibrin, which helps to clot blood at the site of a break. This clot solifies in air and becomes a scab. This clot solifies in air and becomes a scab.

The Blood Vessels There are 3 major types of blood vessels, and 2 intermediate types. There are 3 major types of blood vessels, and 2 intermediate types. The major types are The major types are Arteries Arteries Veins Veins Capillaries Capillaries

Blood Vessels (cont.) The two intermediate types are called The two intermediate types are called Arterioles: Vessels that link arteries to capillaries.. Arterioles: Vessels that link arteries to capillaries.. Venuoles: Vessels that link capillaries to veins. Venuoles: Vessels that link capillaries to veins.

Blood vessels Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They are the thickest and most muscular of all blood vessels. They are the thickest and most muscular of all blood vessels. They need to be able to expand with each beat of the heart. They need to be able to expand with each beat of the heart. The largest blood vessel in the body, the Aorta, is considered an artery. The largest blood vessel in the body, the Aorta, is considered an artery. Except for the pulmonary artery, all arteries carry oxygen rich blood which has a bright red color. Except for the pulmonary artery, all arteries carry oxygen rich blood which has a bright red color.

Blood vessels Veins are the only blood vessels that have valves in them. Veins are the only blood vessels that have valves in them. The valves are there to stop the back flow of blood in your blood vessels. The valves are there to stop the back flow of blood in your blood vessels. Veins carry blood back to the heart. Veins carry blood back to the heart. Except for the pulmonary veins, all veins carry oxygen poor blood that is a dark red color. Except for the pulmonary veins, all veins carry oxygen poor blood that is a dark red color.

Blood vessels The capillaries are the smallest and most abudant of blood vessels in your body. The capillaries are the smallest and most abudant of blood vessels in your body. It is through the very thin walls of the capillaries that all diffusion and osmosis occurs. It is through the very thin walls of the capillaries that all diffusion and osmosis occurs. Capillaries pick up nutrients through the capillaries surround the S.I., and oxygen through the alveoli in the lungs. Capillaries pick up nutrients through the capillaries surround the S.I., and oxygen through the alveoli in the lungs.

Arterioles and Venuoles These vessels are simply smaller versions of arteries and veins. These vessels are simply smaller versions of arteries and veins. Their job is the connect larger arteries and veins to the capillaries. Their job is the connect larger arteries and veins to the capillaries. Arterioles have the same characteristics as arteries and venuoles have the same characteristics of veins. Arterioles have the same characteristics as arteries and venuoles have the same characteristics of veins.

The heart The heart is a fist-sized muscular organ that is found in the center of your thoracic cavity (Chest). The heart is a fist-sized muscular organ that is found in the center of your thoracic cavity (Chest). It is surrounded by a thin protective membrane called the pericardium. It is surrounded by a thin protective membrane called the pericardium. The heart is protected by the rib cage. The heart is protected by the rib cage.

The heart The human heart consists of four chambers. In order the blood flows from: The human heart consists of four chambers. In order the blood flows from: The right atrium The right atrium The right ventricle The right ventricle After a round trip to the lungs… After a round trip to the lungs… The left atrium The left atrium The left ventricle The left ventricle And then through the Aorta to all the blood vessels in the body. And then through the Aorta to all the blood vessels in the body.

Superior vena cava Pulmonary Vein

Circulation. The heart actually consists of two pumps, the right and left ventricles. The heart actually consists of two pumps, the right and left ventricles. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs and back. This is called pulmonary circulation. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs and back. This is called pulmonary circulation. The left ventricle pumps the blood to the entire body and back. This is called systemic circulation. The left ventricle pumps the blood to the entire body and back. This is called systemic circulation.

Pulmonary circulation Blood enters the Right Atrium. Blood enters the Right Atrium. It passes through the bicuspid valve into the Right Ventricle. It passes through the bicuspid valve into the Right Ventricle. The Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries. The Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs. The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood flows into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli. It is here the blood picks up O2 and drops off CO2 In the lungs, the blood flows into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli. It is here the blood picks up O2 and drops off CO2

Pulmonary circulation cont. The now oxygenated blood flows from the capillaries into veins and then into the pulmonary veins. The now oxygenated blood flows from the capillaries into veins and then into the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins carry the blood back into the heart at the left atrium. The pulmonary veins carry the blood back into the heart at the left atrium. This concludes pulmonary circulation, and we begin systemic circulation. This concludes pulmonary circulation, and we begin systemic circulation.

Systemic circulation O2 rich blood enters the left atrium. O2 rich blood enters the left atrium. The blood passes through the mitral valve and enters the left ventricle. The blood passes through the mitral valve and enters the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. The blood flows from the aorta into arteries. The blood flows from the aorta into arteries. The arteries flow into arterioles. The arteries flow into arterioles.

Systemic circulation cont. The blood then flows into the capillaries. The blood then flows into the capillaries. It is here in the capillaries that all diffusion occurs. Nutrients, which were picked up near the S.I. and O2 from the lungs are delivered to all the cells in the body. It is here in the capillaries that all diffusion occurs. Nutrients, which were picked up near the S.I. and O2 from the lungs are delivered to all the cells in the body. Wastes and CO2 pass from the cells to the blood. Wastes and CO2 pass from the cells to the blood. The blood now flows into venuoles. The blood now flows into venuoles.

Systemic circulation cont. The blood now enters the veins. The blood now enters the veins. The veins then flow into the vena cava. There are two of these. The veins then flow into the vena cava. There are two of these. The superior vena cava collects all the blood from the top part of your body, the inferior vena cava from the lower part. The superior vena cava collects all the blood from the top part of your body, the inferior vena cava from the lower part. The vena cava delivers the blood to the right atrium. Systemic circulation is complete. The vena cava delivers the blood to the right atrium. Systemic circulation is complete.