CULTURES OF EUROPE: THE RENAISSANCE. Florence, Italy: Cathedral (Brunelleschi), Palazzo Vecchio.

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Presentation transcript:

CULTURES OF EUROPE: THE RENAISSANCE

Florence, Italy: Cathedral (Brunelleschi), Palazzo Vecchio

Henry VIII-Head of the Church

Johannes Gutenberg, Germany 1450, the printing press 240 prints per hour (↔ monks copying/writing one codex for several months) The Gutenberg Bible, 1455 – a handwritten Bible: for one scribe it took one year

Giotto (14th c. trecento): The Birth of Christ

Fra Angelico

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa, The Vitruvian Man

Leonardo: The Last Supper

Leonardo: Virgin of the Rocks

Botticelli: The Birth of Venus

Botticelli: Primavera (Spring), c.1482 Mercury, Graces, Venus, Cupid, Flora, Chloris, Zephyr

SOURCES Ovid: Fasti Lucretius: De rerum Nature "Spring-time and Venus come,/ And Venus' boy, the winged harbinger, steps on before,/ And hard on Zephyr's foot- prints Mother Flora,/ Sprinkling the ways before them, filleth all/ With colours and with odours excellent."

Michelangelo: The Sistine Chapel

The Creation of Adam

Michelangelo: David

Michelangelo: Moses

Raphael/Raffaello Sanzio

Raphael: The School of Athens

Tizian

Hans Holbein, the Younger: Henry VIII (the King), Erasmus (the Scholar)

Hans Holbein, the Younger 1533: `The Ambassadors'

Realism, beauty and allegorical meaning: the active and the contemplative life, life and death nobleman/ambassador vs scholar/bishop ornate sheath of a dagger (29) vs book (25) the culture of the age: `Turkey' carpet, celestial globe and an array of astronomical and navigational instruments. The date: 11 April. A German text-book of Arithmetic for Merchants, propped open with a T-square. A lute and a case of recorders or flutes: Holbein's mastery of foreshortening and musical interests. A string of the lute: snapped, a traditional emblem of fragility. In the top left corner, at the edge of the magnificently patterned green hanging, is a crucifix. The hymnal in front of the lute is open at Martin Luther's hymn,'Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire‘ Memento mori: medieval mosaic (Westminster Abbey) – distorted skull + reality, as perceived by the senses, must be viewed `correctly' to reveal its full meaning

Pieter Brueghel: The Battle of Carnival and Lent

Thomas More-Utopia

Shakespeare: Hamlet; Romeo and Juliet