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Standard 1 Animals are organisms that are multi-cellular but cannot make their own food. Animals are organisms that are multi-cellular but cannot make their own food. Animals that must get energy by eating plants or other animals are called heterotrophs. Animals that must get energy by eating plants or other animals are called heterotrophs. Animals are classified into two major groups based on physical and internal characteristics. These are vertebrates or invertebrates. Animals are classified into two major groups based on physical and internal characteristics. These are vertebrates or invertebrates. Vertebrates Also called Chordates Brain Pop Video Vertebrates Also called Chordates Brain Pop Video VertebratesBrain Pop Video VertebratesBrain Pop Video Vertebrates Share Similar Characteristics: Vertebrates Share Similar Characteristics: Have a protective skin covering, an inside skeleton, muscles, blood that circulates through blood vessels, or lungs (or gills) for breathing Have a protective skin covering, an inside skeleton, muscles, blood that circulates through blood vessels, or lungs (or gills) for breathing Most have legs or fins for movement Most have legs or fins for movement Have a nervous system with a brain that process information from their environments through sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc.). Have a nervous system with a brain that process information from their environments through sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc.).

There are thousands of species of vertebrates divided into five groups: There are thousands of species of vertebrates divided into five groups: Fish have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermic); obtain dissolved oxygen in water through gills; most lay eggs; have scales; have fins; and live in water Fish have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermic); obtain dissolved oxygen in water through gills; most lay eggs; have scales; have fins; and live in watergills Fish Facts Fish Facts Fish Facts Fish Facts

Amphibians have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermic); can breathe in water with gills early in life, and breathe on land with lungs as adults; go through metamorphosis; lay jelly-like eggs. The major groups of amphibians are frogs, toads, and salamanders. Frogs and salamanders have smooth, moist skin, through which they can breathe, and live part of their life in water and part on land. Toads have thicker, bumpy skin and live on land. Amphibians have backbones; are cold-blooded (ectothermic); can breathe in water with gills early in life, and breathe on land with lungs as adults; go through metamorphosis; lay jelly-like eggs. The major groups of amphibians are frogs, toads, and salamanders. Frogs and salamanders have smooth, moist skin, through which they can breathe, and live part of their life in water and part on land. Toads have thicker, bumpy skin and live on land. Amphibians Amphibians

Reptiles have backbones; are cold- blooded (ectothermic); breathe with lungs; most lay eggs, although in some the eggs hatch inside the female, and have scales or plates. Reptiles have backbones; are cold- blooded (ectothermic); breathe with lungs; most lay eggs, although in some the eggs hatch inside the female, and have scales or plates. Reptiles Reptiles Reptile/Amphibians Reptile/Amphibians Reptile/Amphibians

Birds have backbones; are warm-blooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; lay eggs; have feathers; and have a beak, two wings, and two feet. Birds have backbones; are warm-blooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; lay eggs; have feathers; and have a beak, two wings, and two feet. Birds Birds

Mammals have backbones; are warm- blooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; have babies that are born live; have fur or hair; and produce milk to feed their young. Brain Pop Video Mammals Mammals have backbones; are warm- blooded (endothermic); breathe with lungs; have babies that are born live; have fur or hair; and produce milk to feed their young. Brain Pop Video MammalsBrain Pop VideoMammalsBrain Pop VideoMammals

Invertebrates There are many more invertebrates than vertebrates. 90% of all animals are invertebrates. invertebrates. The largest group of invertebrates are the arthropods. The invertebrates are divided into five groups: Sponges Sponges are very simple animals that have many pores (holes) through which water flows. Water moves into a central cavity and out through a hole in the top. Sponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes through this passage of water. They live in fresh or salt water. Brain Pop Video Web SiteBrain Pop VideoWeb Site

Echinoderms have similar parts (arms) that extend from the middle body outwards. They have tube feet and spines. Examples are starfish, brittle stars, sand dollar, sea cucumbers, or sea urchins. Echinoderms have similar parts (arms) that extend from the middle body outwards. They have tube feet and spines. Examples are starfish, brittle stars, sand dollar, sea cucumbers, or sea urchins. Echinoderms Echinoderms

Arthropods have jointed legs; live on land and in water; have hard outer coverings called exoskeletons, have segmented bodies (2-3 segments: head thorax, abdomen) and some have wings. Examples are insects, spiders, grasshopper, lobster, crab, & crayfish. Brain Pop Video Arthropods have jointed legs; live on land and in water; have hard outer coverings called exoskeletons, have segmented bodies (2-3 segments: head thorax, abdomen) and some have wings. Examples are insects, spiders, grasshopper, lobster, crab, & crayfish. Brain Pop Video Arthropods Brain Pop Video Arthropods Brain Pop Video AQUATIC ARTHRODPODS LINK AQUATIC ARTHRODPODS LINK AQUATIC ARTHRODPODS LINK AQUATIC ARTHRODPODS LINK Get this bug off me! Get this bug off me! Get this bug off me! Get this bug off me!

Water Arthropdods Some arthropods are in the water & we can’t see them unless we use a microscope. After PACT testing, we will make a trip to the creek to catch some of these ugly critters. Some arthropods are in the water & we can’t see them unless we use a microscope. After PACT testing, we will make a trip to the creek to catch some of these ugly critters.

Mollusk Video Mollusk Video Mollusks have soft bodies; most have a thick muscular foot for movement or to open and close their shells; live in salt or fresh water or on land; and some have shells. Examples are snails, clams, squid, oysters, and octopuses. Mollusks have soft bodies; most have a thick muscular foot for movement or to open and close their shells; live in salt or fresh water or on land; and some have shells. Examples are snails, clams, squid, oysters, and octopuses. Mollusks squid Mollusks squid Jelly FishJelly Fish Brain Pop Brain Pop Jelly FishBrain Pop

Segmented worms (Annelids) have soft, long tube-like bodies that are divided into segments. They are the simplest organisms with a true nervous system. A long digestive tube runs down the length of the worm’s inside body. Examples of segmented worms are earthworms and leeches. Segmented worms (Annelids) have soft, long tube-like bodies that are divided into segments. They are the simplest organisms with a true nervous system. A long digestive tube runs down the length of the worm’s inside body. Examples of segmented worms are earthworms and leeches.Annelids WORMS LINK WORMS LINK WORMS LINK WORMS LINK Worm World 4 Kids Worm World 4 Kids Worm World 4 Kids Worm World 4 Kids

Streamlines & Internet Activities Invertebrates: What are they? Invertebrates: What are they? Invertebrates: What are they? Invertebrates: What are they? Basics of Biology, The: The Kingdom of Animals: From Simple to Complicated Basics of Biology, The: The Kingdom of Animals: From Simple to Complicated Basics of Biology, The: The Kingdom of Animals: From Simple to Complicated Basics of Biology, The: The Kingdom of Animals: From Simple to Complicated Animals Belong in Class Song Animals Belong in Class Song Animals Belong in Class Song Animals Belong in Class Song Interactive Quiz Interactive Quiz Interactive Quiz Interactive Quiz

Standard 2 Animals have structures with basic functions that allow them to defend themselves, to move, and to obtain resources. Animals have structures with basic functions that allow them to defend themselves, to move, and to obtain resources. Animals have special structures that function for defense. Animals have special structures that function for defense. Special features that enable an animal to survive in its environment are called adaptations. Examples of these adaptations are: Special features that enable an animal to survive in its environment are called adaptations. Examples of these adaptations are: Hiding adaptations These adaptations allow an animal to avoid the predator entirely. Camouflage and mimicry are examples of hiding adaptations. Hiding adaptations These adaptations allow an animal to avoid the predator entirely. Camouflage and mimicry are examples of hiding adaptations.Camouflage Camouflage

Flight/Flee adaptations Flight/Flee adaptations These adaptations allow an animal to flee from predators and escape danger. For example, birds and bats have light skeletons and wings to fly away; some animals have long legs for extra speed or strong legs for jumping; and some animals have paws or toenails that allow them to construct holes or tunnels to run into and hide. These adaptations allow an animal to flee from predators and escape danger. For example, birds and bats have light skeletons and wings to fly away; some animals have long legs for extra speed or strong legs for jumping; and some animals have paws or toenails that allow them to construct holes or tunnels to run into and hide. Polar Bears have hollow hair for insulation. Polar Bears have hollow hair for insulation.

Physical featuresThese adaptations allow an animal to make a direct attack painful (for example, horns, claws, quills, stingers, shells, smells or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size) or allow the animal to taste bad or be poisonous to the predator. For example, some monarch butterflies are brightly colored but poisonous to animals. Physical featuresThese adaptations allow an animal to make a direct attack painful (for example, horns, claws, quills, stingers, shells, smells or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size) or allow the animal to taste bad or be poisonous to the predator. For example, some monarch butterflies are brightly colored but poisonous to animals. Animals have special structures that function for movement. Animals move to fulfill their needs and to move their bodies from one place to another. Movement is an important means for animals to find food & water, find mates, and escape predators. Animals have certain structures for movement; for example, legs, feet, tails, shape, and skeleton. Animals have special structures that function for movement. Animals move to fulfill their needs and to move their bodies from one place to another. Movement is an important means for animals to find food & water, find mates, and escape predators. Animals have certain structures for movement; for example, legs, feet, tails, shape, and skeleton.

Animals have different structures that allow them to obtain needed resources. Examples of some of these structures are: Animals have different structures that allow them to obtain needed resources. Examples of some of these structures are: Filtering adaptations for filter feeders (such as sponges or clams) that consume food found in the water. Filtering adaptations for filter feeders (such as sponges or clams) that consume food found in the water. Tube-shaped mouth parts for fluid-feeders. Examples are mosquitoes, aphids, or hummingbirds. Tube-shaped mouth parts for fluid-feeders. Examples are mosquitoes, aphids, or hummingbirds. Feeders that consume large prey. These animals usually have specially adapted body parts; for example, tentacles, pinchers, claws, fangs, expandable stomachs or flexible jaws. Feeders that consume large prey. These animals usually have specially adapted body parts; for example, tentacles, pinchers, claws, fangs, expandable stomachs or flexible jaws. Feeders that consume food where it is located. This is for animals that eat specific types of food. Examples of structures for these animals are different shaped beaks; sharp teeth for ripping and tearing of flesh; large rounded teeth for Feeders that consume food where it is located. This is for animals that eat specific types of food. Examples of structures for these animals are different shaped beaks; sharp teeth for ripping and tearing of flesh; large rounded teeth for grinding plants; rough tongues for drinking water; or grinding plants; rough tongues for drinking water; or long necks or legs to get food. long necks or legs to get food.

Animal Adaptations: Animal Adaptations: Structures for Getting Food: Structures for Getting Food: Sharp teeth, making a web, claws for digging/scooping, talons, camouflage, different types of beaks Sharp teeth, making a web, claws for digging/scooping, talons, camouflage, different types of beaks Structures for Protection: Structures for Protection: Camouflage, speed, spines, horns, armored skin, flight, smells (skunk), poison, bad taste, claws, quills, stingers, shells, or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size Camouflage, speed, spines, horns, armored skin, flight, smells (skunk), poison, bad taste, claws, quills, stingers, shells, or mechanisms that allow an animal to change its size Structures for Body Temperature: Structures for Body Temperature: Thick fur, blubber, down feathers, burrowing underground, nocturnal behavior Thick fur, blubber, down feathers, burrowing underground, nocturnal behavior Structures for Conserving Water: Structures for Conserving Water: Staying in the Shade Eating other plants & animals for water, & Using the body to gather dew Staying in the Shade Eating other plants & animals for water, & Using the body to gather dew

Streamlines & Internet Activities Animal Adaptations: What are they? Animal Adaptations: What are they? Animal Adaptations: What are they? Animal Adaptations: What are they? Animal Feature & Functions Animal Feature & Functions Animal Feature & Functions Animal Feature & Functions The World’s Smartest Animals The World’s Smartest Animals The World’s Smartest Animals The World’s Smartest Animals Activity Create An Animal Activity Create An Animal Activity Amusing Animal Activity Using Dice Amusing Animal Activity Using Dice Amusing Animal Activity Using Dice Amusing Animal Activity Using Dice

Animal Notes for Standard 3: Know: Know: The characteristics of endothermic and ectothermic animals. The characteristics of endothermic and ectothermic animals. Students need to be able to explain how the environmental temperature affects animals’ internal temperature. Students need to be able to explain how the environmental temperature affects animals’ internal temperature. Be able to identify endothermic and ectothermic animals. Be able to identify endothermic and ectothermic animals. endothermic -warm-blooded endothermic -warm-blooded ectothermic -cold-blooded ectothermic -cold-blooded Endo - inside Endo - inside ecto - outside ecto - outside therm - heat therm - heat

Ectothermic Animals that do not maintain a constant internal temperature and must gain heat to perform internal activities. Animals that do not maintain a constant internal temperature and must gain heat to perform internal activities. They depend on the sun to heat up their bodies and allow any activity. If the environment is cold, ectothermic animals are slow moving and sluggish. They depend on the sun to heat up their bodies and allow any activity. If the environment is cold, ectothermic animals are slow moving and sluggish. Examples are snakes, lizards, fish, frogs or insects. Examples are snakes, lizards, fish, frogs or insects. Most ectothermic animals must bask in the sun before they can move about to hunt for food. If the temperature gets too hot, they must find shade or burrow in the ground to keep its body cool or die. Most ectothermic animals must bask in the sun before they can move about to hunt for food. If the temperature gets too hot, they must find shade or burrow in the ground to keep its body cool or die. If an animal is cold blooded, they take on the temperature of their surroundings so they don't have to use food energy to keep warm. This means they don't have to eat as often. If an animal is cold blooded, they take on the temperature of their surroundings so they don't have to use food energy to keep warm. This means they don't have to eat as often.

Endothermic Animals that maintain a constant internal temperature. Animals that maintain a constant internal temperature. An endothermic animal's body metabolism works hard to keep its body the right temperature for activity all the time. An endothermic animal's body metabolism works hard to keep its body the right temperature for activity all the time. When the outside temperature is too hot, an endothermic animal can cool off by sweating, panting, changing position, changing location in the world, or growing/shedding fur. When the outside temperature is too hot, an endothermic animal can cool off by sweating, panting, changing position, changing location in the world, or growing/shedding fur. Sweating and panting work by generating heat loss through evaporating water; changing posture allows animals to control to some extent the heat absorbed from the environment around them; while changing position or location simply means seeking shade, shelter, or water when it is too hot. Sweating and panting work by generating heat loss through evaporating water; changing posture allows animals to control to some extent the heat absorbed from the environment around them; while changing position or location simply means seeking shade, shelter, or water when it is too hot. Endothermic animals must eat much more often than an ectodermic animal. For example, a lion (endothermic) eats its weight in food every seven to ten days. Endothermic animals must eat much more often than an ectodermic animal. For example, a lion (endothermic) eats its weight in food every seven to ten days.

Lizards that swim in sand The shovel-snouted lizard performs a "thermal dance" when the sand becomes too hot for its feet. It props itself up on its tail, lifts a front foot and back foot, holds them up for a while and finally exchanges them with the opposite pair. The shovel-snouted lizard performs a "thermal dance" when the sand becomes too hot for its feet. It props itself up on its tail, lifts a front foot and back foot, holds them up for a while and finally exchanges them with the opposite pair. The dance is repeated over and over again until the sand cools down a bit. When all else fails the lizard dives into the loose sand and "swims" down to a cooler level The dance is repeated over and over again until the sand cools down a bit. When all else fails the lizard dives into the loose sand and "swims" down to a cooler level