REMEMBER ! PLACEMENT TEST per i ritardatari Giovedi, ore 11, P3 Lettorato 1C SWIFT – cambio orario Merc (T30) DIDATTICA WEB Lingua Inglese 1 LLEM “Files” e “Comunicazioni” 1

What you need to pass the exam if you are attending classes Material from “Files” (handout, powerpoint, documents, summaries) Check the Didattica Web bacheca regularly Website (david brett) Regular study and practice every week 2

What you need to pass the exam if you are NOT attending classes Material from “Files” (handout, powerpoint, documents, summaries) Check the Didattica Web bacheca regularly Website (david brett) Regular practice every week Books in bibliography 3

Bibliography (if you need to understand further/better) Roach, P. English Phonetics and Phonology. Cambridge University Press Carstairs-McCarthy A., An introduction to English morphology. Edinburgh University Press Thomas, L. Beginning Syntax. Blackwell. 4

What you will find in the exam Written exam Questions on each lesson - 40% phonetics/phonology - 20% syntax - 20% morphology - 20% lexical semantics 5

LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 3 Morphology 1 6

Structure UsePragmatics Meaning (semantics) Grammar Medium of Transmission PhoneticsPhonologyMorphologySyntaxLexiconDiscourse Structure of Spoken Language (from Crystal 1997)

8 Morphology The study of the structure of words

CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY

THE OVERALL PICTURE

Morphemes minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function distinction between free morphemes and bound morphemes

Free morphemes can stand by themselves as a single word e.g. grace Can be lexical (e.g. boy,elephant) or functional (e.g. and, but)

Bound morphemes Cannot stand alone but need to be “bound” to another morpheme, e.g. re-, -ful Prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes Divided into derivational and inflectional

BASE FORMS boy, yes, elephant No CONSTITUENT PARTS also called ROOTS or STEMS

PREFIXES e.g. un-, de-, super- meaningful elements come BEFORE base form lexical role – allow for the construction of a large number of new words

SUFFIXES e.g. –ness, -ed, -er meaningful elements 2 types: DERIVATIONAL INFLECTIONAL

DEFINING SUFFIXES

INFLECTION OF PLURAL

INFLECTION OF VERBS

green house vs. greenhouse green house two words house which is green meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) greenhouse one word a particular type of building (serra) meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

black bird vs. blackbird (like green house vs. greenhouse) BLACK BIRD meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) BLACKBIRD meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

white house vs. White House white house casa bianca meaning is predictable classified as a PHRASE (NP) White House Casa Bianca meaning not predictable classified as a COMPOUND

Compounds can be single words or combinations of words e.g. blackbird e.g. White House

COMPOUNDS COMPOUND VERBS COMPOUND ADJECTIVES COMPOUND NOUNS

COMPOUND VERBS VERB-VERB stir-fry NOUN-VERB air-condition ADJECTIVE VERB dry-clean PREPOSITION VERB underestimate

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES NOUN-ADJECTIVE sky-high ADJECTIVE-ADJECTIVE red-hot PREPOSITION-ADJECTIVE hyper-active

COMPOUND NOUNS VERB-NOUN swearword NOUN-NOUN hairnet ADJECTIVE NOUN blackboard PREPOSITION-NOUN overcoat