CHAPTER 15 LESSON 2 The Skeletal System

Function of Skeleton Support Protection (vital organs) Movement of Body AXIAL SKELETON – 80 Bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum APPENDICULAR SKELETON – 126 Bones of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet.

TYPES OF BONES Long (femur, radius) Short (phalanges) Flat (ribs, skull) Irregular (odd shapes, vertebrae, tarsals and carpals etc.)

CARTILAGE Strong, flexible tissue Line surfaces of joints and allow for smooth movement

JOINTS BALL AND SOCKET – widest range of movement. PIVOT – rotation as in head rotating ELLIPSOIDAL – oval shaped fits into a curved space as in the wrist. HINGE – allows for bending and straightening

PROBLEMS WITH SKELETAL SYSTEM HAIRLINE FRACTURE – crack in the bone; parts do not separate. TRANSVERSE FRACTURE – completely across the bone. COMMINUTED FRACTURE – shattered into more than two pieces. COMPOUND FRACTURE – when bone protrudes thru skin

PROBLEMS CONTINUED OSTEOPOROSIS – loss of bone mass; a natural part of the aging; bones become brittle SCOLIOSIS – side to side curvature of the spine. ARTHRITIS- inflamation of the joint; two kinds osteoarithritis and ruematoid.

JOINT INJURIES DISLOCATION – bone slips from its normal position. Obvious deformity. SEPARATION – bone is out of place, but no ligaments/cartilage are damaged TORN CARTILAGE – sharp blow or a severe twisting of a joint. Can be repaired by arthroscopic surgery. BUNION – painful swelling of the bursa sac in the big toe. BURSITIS – bursa sac becomes inflamed.