1. Bones

2. Can you believe we have 206 bones?
~ Skull and upper jaw 21 bones
~ 3 tiny bones in each ear
~ Lower jaw (mandible)
~ Front neck bone (hyoid)
~ Backbone or spine (26 separate bones or vertebrae)
~ Ribs (12 pairs - same number for men and women)
~ Breastbone
~ Each upper limb has 32 bones: 2 in shoulder, 3 in arm, 8 in wrist, 19 in hand and fingers.
~ Each lower limb has 31 bones: 1 in hip (one side of pelvis), 4 in leg, 7 in ankle, 19 in foot and toes

3. Function:
1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Storage of minerals
5. Production of blood cells

4. Axial skeleton - skull, vertebral column & rib cage.
1. Protect vital
organs
2. Holds body upright & allows
bending & twisting
3. Production of blood cells

5. Appendicular skeleton - arm & leg bones, pelvis & shoulder areas.
1. Movement
2. Production of
blood cells
3. Storage of
minerals

6. Parts: A. Periosteum - living membrane covering bone
B. Spongy bone - tissue with many spaces, located at end of long bones & in middle of flat bones.
C. Compact bone - very dense, located in shafts of long bones
D. Marrow - soft tissue that fills some space in bone
periosteum
1. Red - produces RBC
2. Yellow - mostly fat cells

7. Parts, cont.
E. Haversian Canals - spaces
through which
nerves & blood
vessels pass
F. Osteoblasts - make new
bone cells

8. Joints - a place where bones meet
A. Classifications
1. Immovable
2. Slightly moveable

9. 3. Freely moveable
a. ball-and-socket
D. hinge

10. joints, cont...
E. pivot
C. gliding

11. joints, cont...
F. saddle

12. Cartilage 1. Some always present 2. Ossification - replacement of
cartilage with bone
3. Bursae - fluid-filled
sacs that lubricate
some freely moveable joints
cartilage

13. Tendons - attatch muscle to bone
Ligaments - attach bone to bone

14. Do you see the difference?

15. Types of Bones A. Long - have a tubular shaft & articular surface at
each end.
B. Short, or Irregular - are variable in size & shape, and are generally compact in nature.
C. Flat - are thin and
have broad surfaces.

16. Diseases & Disorders
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa, causing pain in the body's joints.
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, occurs when a joint wears out.

17. Osteoporosis is a disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue
Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve of the spine.

18. Fractures
Leukemia affects the production of red blood cells.