1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Mrs. Priestley
9th Grade Health

3. I. The Skeletal System
Objective 1- TLW identify the basic structure and functions of the skeletal system.
A-The skeletal system is made up of bones.
Bones are living organisms in the body that are made up of
cells The bone’s cells make new bone that replaces old bone .

4. 5 FUNCTIONS of bones P-M-S-M-P
1.Support- Bones form a supporting framework that holds your body erect gives it shape.
2. Movement- Bones help to produce movement by acting as lever’s for muscles to pull against.
3. Protection- Bones provide a hard, protective covering for internal tissues and organs .
4. Stores Minerals- Bones store minerals , especially Calcium and Phosphorous which are important for the
 health and strength of bones.
5. Produces Blood Cells- contain red bone marrow which is the tissue that makes red and white blood cells .

5. THERE ARE 206 BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY
THERE ARE 206 BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY. YOU ARE BORN WITH 300 BONES BUT SOME ARE FUSED TOGETHER TO MAKE YOUR FINAL BONE COUNT OF 206.
ALL BONES ARE CONSIDERED ONE OF THE FOUR FOLLOWING TYPES: LONG, SHORT, FLAT OR IRREGULAR
LONG BONES

6. LONG BONES- ARMS AND LEGS SHORT BONES- FINGERS AND TOES
Objective 4: TLW describe, provide examples, and draw 4 different types of bones.
EXAMPLES OF BONE TYPES
LONG BONES- ARMS AND LEGS
SHORT BONES- FINGERS AND TOES
FLAT BONES- SKULL, HIPS, BREASTBONE
IRREGULAR BONES- SPINAL COLUMN, WRISTS, ANKLES

7. SHORT BONES
IRREGULAR BONES
FLAT BONES

8. Get in Partners and complete Types of Bones Worksheet.

9. BONE TYPE
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
PICTURE
Long Bone
Have greater length than width.
Has a Shaft and Ends
Slightly Curved for Strength
Arms & Legs:
Femur
-Biggest bone in body
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Tibia
Fibula
Short Bone
-Somewhat cube
shaped
-Nearly Equal In Length and Width
Fingers
&
Toes (Phalanges)
Flat Bone
-Generally Thin
-Provide Considerable Protection
Skull (Cranium)
Breastbone (Sternum)
Ribs
Shoulder Blades (Scapula)
Collar Bone (Clavicle)
Hips (Pelvis)
Irregular Bone
-Have Complex Shapes
-Do Not Fit Into Other Classifications
Backbones
A.K.A.
Vertebrae
An injury to the Spinal Column or Vertebrae can cause permanent damage.

10. PARTS OF A BONE
1) Compact Bone- The hard, dense outer surface of the bone
2) Spongy Bone- flexible bone tissue that contains many small spaces, like a sponges. These spaces store red bone marrow.  
3) Marrow Cavity- Located inside the compact bone,
4) Red Bone Marrow- Red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells are produced here. Found mainly in the flat bones.
5) Yellow Bone Marrow- Some white blood cells develop here but it is mostly made up of fatty cells.

11. PARTS OF A BONE
6) Cartilage- a tough strong tissue , that is not as hard as bone, but is more flexible . It is found at the end of some bones and it keeps bones from rubbing together Cartilage can also
be found in the nose and ears , and an embryo’s skeleton is made of cartilage. As an embryo develops the cartilage turns to bone. This process is called ossification

12. The Structure of the Bone Diagram
Directions: Label the different structures of a bone.
WORD KEY: 
COMPACT BONE, SPONGY BONE, CARTILAGE, RED BONE MARROW, YELLOW BONE MARROW PERIOSTEUM, BLOOD VESSELSres of Bone

13. Cartilage

14. CONNECTIVE TISSUES:
CARTILAGE IS FOUND AT THE ENDS OF BONES AND HELPS TO CUSHION JOINTS
LIGAMENTS CONNECT BONES TO OTHER
BONES AT JOINTS
JOINTS ARE THE LOCATION AT WHICH TWO OR MORE BONES MEET
TENDONS CONNECT MUSCLE TO BONE

15. JOINTS JOINTS ARE PLACES WHERE TWO OR MORE BONES COME TOGETHER
FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS
BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS - SHOULDERS AND HIPS
HINGE JOINTS - ELBOWS AND KNEES
PIVOT JOINT - HEAD AND NECK
GLIDING JOINTS - WRISTS AND ANKLES
SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS -SPINAL COLUMN
FIXED OR IMMOVEABLE JOINTS - CRANIUM

16. The Human Skeleton is divided into 2 Parts:
1) The Axial Skeleton (The bones along the bodies axis)
2) The Appendicular Skeleton (Arms and Legs)
- THE AXIAL SKELETON- The word axial refers to your bodies axis; an imaginary line that runs from the top of your head down to your feet. The bones that are grouped around the axis are called the axial skeleton.

17. THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON – (ARM AND LEG BONES)
The word appendicular refers to the appendages , which means arms and legs .
LABEL DIAGRAMHE APPENDICULAR SKELETON – ( BONES)

18. THE AXIAL SKELETON DIAGRAM
THE AXIAL SKELETON – (DOES NOT INCLUDE BONES OF THE
ARMS AND LEGS)
Cranium
Mandible
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx

19. The Appendicular Skeleton Diagram
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna – pinky side
Radius – thumb side
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Pelvis
Femur – *largest bone in the body*
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

20. WHERE THEY ARE LOCATED AND WHAT TYPE OF BONE THEY ARE:
BONES YOU NEED TO KNOW:
WHERE THEY ARE LOCATED AND WHAT TYPE OF BONE THEY ARE:
Radius
Patella
Metatarsals
Tibia
Sternum
Vertebrae
Scapula
Clavicle
Tarsals
Phalanges
Ribs
Mandible
Cranium
Femur
Carpals
Sacrum
Metacarpals
Ulna
Fibula
Coccyx
Pelvis
Humerus

21. Problems of the Skeletal System
Objective 7:TLW examine strategies to prevent injuries, analyze bone disorders, and identify different injuries to the skeletal system. 1) Skeletal system disorders and bone injuries can be the result of: Poor Nutrition Infections Sport/Rec Injuries Poor Posture Degenerative Disorders 2) Fractures -Hair Line Fracture- Fracture is incomplete and 2 parts of the bone do not separate -Transverse Fracture- Fracture that is completely across the bone -Comminuted Fracture- When bone shatters into more than 2 pieces.

22. 3) Osteoporosis- a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs
 *Affects millions of older Americans. Bones weaken and become brittle, causing them to break easily. They can then heal, with new bone forming over the break, and eventually they can break again. Two things we can do to prevent this disease:
1- Get Calcium , Phosphorous , and Vitamin D in our diets.
2- Get a good amount of weight bearing physical activity
4) Scoliosis- a lateral or side to side , curvature of the spine Treatment: Back brace , or if more severe surgery .

23. Scoliosis Pre Surgery Post Surgery

24. NUTRIENTS
WHAT FOODS HAVE THEM
CALCIUM
Milk, Cheese, Yogurt,
Green Leafy Vegetables
VITAMIN D
Milk, Cereal, Beef
and
SUNLIGHT
PHOSPHORUS
Dairy Products, Beans,
Whole Grains, Liver

25. FRACTURES A FRACTURE IS A BREAK IN THE BONE
THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FRACTURES INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING:
CLOSED FRACTURE (SIMPLE FRACTURE) - can’t physically see the break in bone
OPEN FRACTURE (COMPOUND FRACTURE) – bone protrudes through the skin and you can see the break
HAIRLINE FRACTURE
STRESS FRACTURE

28. X-RAYS
Closed Fracture
Open Fracture

29. YOUR SPINAL COLUMN CERVICAL VERTEBRATE FORM THE NECK-THERE ARE 7
THE FIRST TWO HAVE THEIR OWN NAMES, THE ATLAS AND THE AXIS- WHY?
THORACIC VERTEBRATE FORM THE MIDDLE BACK- THERE ARE 12
LUMBAR VERTEBRATE FORM THE LOWER BACK THERE ARE 5
THE SACRUM AND COCCYX ARE BELOW AND ATTACHED TO THE LUMBAR VERTEBRATE

31. Atlas -
- Axis

32. Injury to joints
Dislocation - when ligaments that attach bone are torn , and the bone slips out of place. Torn Cartilage - can result from a sharp blow or twisting to a joint. Bursitis - inflammation of a fluid-filled sac called the bursa , which is located in certain joints . A Bunion - a painful swelling of the bursa in the first joint of the big toe . Arthritis - inflammation of a joint , mostly due to wear and tear on the cartilage near joints.

33. Repetitive Motion Injury- damage to tissues caused by prolonged
Repetitive Motion Injury- damage to tissues caused by prolonged , repeated movements.
E.g.- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tennis Elbow

34. Shoulder Dislocation

35. Arthritis