1. Skeletal System Chapter 15 Lesson 1 Pages 368-371

2. Pennsylvania Standard ► 10.1.9 - Analyze the interdependence existing among the body systems.

3. What you will learn! ► Parts and function of the skeletal system. ► Explain ways to care for the skeletal system. ► Discuss problems of the skeletal system. ► Any question you have?

4. Warm-up ► Hand in at the end of class. Answer the following question. ► List three animals that have protective shells? ► What are some of the functions of these animals exoskeletons?

5. Vocabulary ► Marrow ► Joints ► Cartilage ► Ligaments ► Tendons ► Skeleton system ► Marrow – In the center of some bones. ► Joints – Points at which bones meet ► Cartilage – Flexi able tissue that provides cushioning at your joints ► Ligaments – Tissue that hold bones in place ► Tendons – Tough bands of tissue that attaches your muscle to bone ► Skeleton system – Internal system that make up of bones, joints, and connective tissue

6. Bones ► There are 206 bones in the human body. ► Bone do the following: 1. Allow movement. 2. Provide support 3. Protect other parts of your body. 4. Makes new blood cells. 5. Stores minerals

7. Connective Tissues Cartilage –Allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissue Ligament –Hold bones in place at the joints Tendon –Joins muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

8. Types of Bones Short Bone Flat Bone Irregular Bone As wide as they are long bones which do not fall into any other category Provides Protection

9. JOINTS ► There are four different joint in the human body. 1. Hinge – moves in one direction. 2. Gliding – enable bones to slide over one another 3. Pivot – move from side to side. 4. Ball and Socket – Moves in all direction, allowing rotation. ► Can you name the joint in your thumb?

10. Problems with Skeletal System ► Fracture – break in the bone ► Dislocation – bone is pushed out of the joint. ► Sprain – stretching of the ligament. ► Osteoarthritis – break down of cartilage. ► Scoliosis – Spine is in an sideways curvature. ► Osteoporosis – brittle bones (lack of vitamin D and exercise.)

11. Care for the Skeleton system. ► Physically active ► Eat health foods high in calcium, low in phosphorus. ► Sit, stand with straight posture. ► Wear good shoes.

12. Label the diagram On page 18 “Leg bone connected to the hip bone.” ► Clavicle ► Humorous ► Sternum ► Vertebral column ► Tibia ► Femur ► Skull ► Scapula ► Ulna ► Radius ► Phalanges ► Metacarpals ► Carpals ► Metatarsals ► Tarsals

13. Fill in the diagram “Part and Function of Bone page 17” http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_461543417_761563718_-1_1/Cross- Section_of_a_Bone.html

14. Bones in the spine! ► http://www.shockfami ly.net/skeleton/SPINE. HTML ► There are four types of bone in the spine. ► Cervical – pink ► Thoracic- blue ► Lumbar – aqua green ► Sacrum Coccyx – White ► Fill in “YOUR BACKBONE page 20”

15. Types of Breaks There are 6 different types of breaks to the bones. Closed fracture – Bone is not sticking out of the body. Open fracture – when the bone is sticking out of the body. Multiple fracture – a fracture break that extends several fracture lines in one bone, and the fracture of several bones at one time or from the same injury. Greenstick fracture – Break in a young bone. The bone bends. Comminuted fracture - A fracture in which the bone has broken into a number of pieces Spiral fracture – Break goes around the bone.

16. WILT ► Finish the following pages from the workbook. Your head bones and Sticks and stones may break your bones is homework. ► Write a page on the bones in the human body. Function, how they work, and why we need bones. ► We will review next class.