Ch 15 Sec2-The Second New Deal Ch 15 Sec2-The Second New Deal “Second Hundred Days”

Ch 15 Sec2- Second New Deal What was the purpose of the Second New Deal? What was the purpose of the Second New Deal? What were the New Deal programs for farmers? What were the New Deal programs for farmers? What Second New Deal Programs helped young people and artistic professionals? What Second New Deal Programs helped young people and artistic professionals? What economic and labor reforms that were carried out under the Second New Deal? What economic and labor reforms that were carried out under the Second New Deal?

Second New Deal More Help for Farmers More Help for Farmers First AAA was ruled Unconstitutional due to a processing tax First AAA was ruled Unconstitutional due to a processing tax Second AAA again paid farmers subsidies not to grow surplus crops Second AAA again paid farmers subsidies not to grow surplus crops

Farm Security Admin. FSA loaned more than $1 billion to small farmers to purchase land. FSA loaned more than $1 billion to small farmers to purchase land. Camps for migrant farmers Camps for migrant farmers Help for share-croppers Help for share-croppers Hired Photographers to capture rural life Hired Photographers to capture rural life Ex. Dorothea Lange Ex. Dorothea Lange

FDR extends Relief Works Progress Adm. (WPA) Works Progress Adm. (WPA) Spend $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers. Spend $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers. Constructed 651,000 miles of streets Constructed 651,000 miles of streets Constructed more than 125,000 public buildings Constructed more than 125,000 public buildings Women 300 mil garments Women 300 mil garments

WPA Activities Wrote Guides to cities Wrote Guides to cities Collected Historical Slave Narratives Collected Historical Slave Narratives Painted Murals on Walls Painted Murals on Walls Federal Theater Project FTP Federal Theater Project FTP National Youth Administration ( NYA)16-25 National Youth Administration ( NYA)16-25 Education, Jobs, & Advice Education, Jobs, & Advice

Improving Labor 1935 Supreme Court declared the NIRA unconstitutional 1935 Supreme Court declared the NIRA unconstitutional Workers had been granted the right to organize in unions and bargain collectively Workers had been granted the right to organize in unions and bargain collectively Workers wanted new laws Workers wanted new laws

The Wagner Act Legalized collective bargaining and closed shops Legalized collective bargaining and closed shops No threats, blacklisting, or spying on unions No threats, blacklisting, or spying on unions National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) NLRB – Enforces provisions NLRB – Enforces provisions

Fair Labor Standards Act Max. Hrs. per week 44 Max. Hrs. per week 44 Min. wage at $.25 per hour Min. wage at $.25 per hour Set rules for workers under 16 Set rules for workers under 16 Banned hazardous work for those under 18. Banned hazardous work for those under 18.

Social Security Act of 1935 Old Age pensions and survivors benefits 65 and older. Old Age pensions and survivors benefits 65 and older. Unemployment Insurance – Tax on employers paid $15- $18 per week Unemployment Insurance – Tax on employers paid $15- $18 per week Aid for dependent children who were disabled Aid for dependent children who were disabled

Regulating Utilities Rural Electrification Adm. (REA) Rural Electrification Adm. (REA) Offered loans to Cooperatives and Farms to build plants and power lines to rural areas Offered loans to Cooperatives and Farms to build plants and power lines to rural areas Public Utility Holding Act - No Holding Co. Ownership of utilities Public Utility Holding Act - No Holding Co. Ownership of utilities

Ch 15 Sec 3- The New Deal Affects Many Groups What was the impact of the New Deal on Women? What was the impact of the New Deal on Women? What was FDR’s attitude toward African Americans? What was FDR’s attitude toward African Americans? What groups formed the New Deal Coalition? What groups formed the New Deal Coalition? Who were the supporters of FDR’s New Deal? Who were the supporters of FDR’s New Deal?

New Deal for Women Frances Perkins became Sec. of Labor Frances Perkins became Sec. of Labor Two female diplomats Two female diplomats Two female judges Two female judges New Deal had mixed results, women were thought to give up a job if a man was without one New Deal had mixed results, women were thought to give up a job if a man was without one Women in the workplace grew from 11.7% in 1930 to 15.6% by 1940 Women in the workplace grew from 11.7% in 1930 to 15.6% by 1940

Breaking Ground FDR hired more than 100 African Americans for key New Deal posts. FDR hired more than 100 African Americans for key New Deal posts. Mary McLeod Bethune – Advisor to FDR on African American concerns. Mary McLeod Bethune – Advisor to FDR on African American concerns. Educator, Women’s Org., and government Educator, Women’s Org., and government

FDR Fails to Support Civil Rights FDR never committed to Civil Rights for blacks FDR never committed to Civil Rights for blacks He was afraid of losing Southern white democrats’ support for New Deal programs He was afraid of losing Southern white democrats’ support for New Deal programs Discrimination existed in the NRA, CCC, and the TVA Discrimination existed in the NRA, CCC, and the TVA Eleanor Roosevelt was helpful, and African Americans supported FDR Eleanor Roosevelt was helpful, and African Americans supported FDR

Mexican- Americans and the New Deal Worked in the Southwest as farm workers since the 1920s’ Worked in the Southwest as farm workers since the 1920s’ Discriminated against by the CCC and WPA because they had no permanent address Discriminated against by the CCC and WPA because they had no permanent address Farm workers tried to unionize Farm workers tried to unionize

Native- Americans in the 1930’s In 1933, FDR appointed John Collier as commissioner of Indian affairs In 1933, FDR appointed John Collier as commissioner of Indian affairs Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Economic- Native American land was held by the entire tribe Economic- Native American land was held by the entire tribe Cultural- Boarding school were reduced and children could attend school on the reservation Cultural- Boarding school were reduced and children could attend school on the reservation Political- Tribes could elect tribal councils to govern the reservations Political- Tribes could elect tribal councils to govern the reservations

Unions Triumph Membership rose from 3 mil in 1933 to 10.5 million by 1941 Membership rose from 3 mil in 1933 to 10.5 million by 1941 By 1945, 36% of workers were Unionized. By 1945, 36% of workers were Unionized. John L. Lewis the United Mine Workers Pres. Joined with other Union Rep of the AFL to create the Committee of Industrial Org. (CIO) John L. Lewis the United Mine Workers Pres. Joined with other Union Rep of the AFL to create the Committee of Industrial Org. (CIO)

Unions Triumph II The CIO sent reps into steel mills, coal mines, auto plants, and southern mills to recruit workers The CIO sent reps into steel mills, coal mines, auto plants, and southern mills to recruit workers (The AFL suspended the CIO) (The AFL suspended the CIO) Nov both formed a coalition and became the Congress of Industrial Org. (CIO) with Lewis as Pres. Nov both formed a coalition and became the Congress of Industrial Org. (CIO) with Lewis as Pres.

Era of Strikes Companies didn’t accept Union’s demands Companies didn’t accept Union’s demands Workers used Sit-down Strikes Workers used Sit-down Strikes Workers refused to leave the building Workers refused to leave the building 1936 Rubber Plant in Akron 1936 Rubber Plant in Akron 1936 General Motors Flint, Mich. (UAW) 2 mo. GM gave in 1936 General Motors Flint, Mich. (UAW) 2 mo. GM gave in

Unsuccessful Strikes 1937 Ford Motor Co., Detroit 1937 Ford Motor Co., Detroit UAW officials beaten by Henry’s Ford’s men while trying to recruit by passing out pamphlets UAW officials beaten by Henry’s Ford’s men while trying to recruit by passing out pamphlets Other strikes became violent Other strikes became violent 1939 the Supreme Court outlawed sit-down strikes. (too potent and obstructed negotiation) 1939 the Supreme Court outlawed sit-down strikes. (too potent and obstructed negotiation)

Election of 1936 FDR vs. Alfred Landon (R) FDR vs. Alfred Landon (R) FDR won in a landslide FDR won in a landslide New Deal Coalition began: New Deal Coalition began: Unions Unions Industrial Workers Skilled/Unskilled Industrial Workers Skilled/Unskilled Recent Immigrants Recent Immigrants Roman Catholics Roman Catholics Jews Jews Northern African- Americans Northern African- Americans Farmers Farmers