Introduction to Classification

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Classification

I. Introduction What is taxonomy?  The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. Why do scientists classify? Over 1.5 million species have been identified. Biologists classify to organize and study these organisms.

I. Classification Systems A. Aristotle (almost 2000 years ago)  grouped organisms into two groups: Plants Animals Grouped based on the differences in stems Ex. woody vs. herbaceous Grouped based on general habitat Ex. land, air, or water dwellers

 Was Aristotle’s grouping system adequate?  Problems with the system…

I. Classification Systems Carolus Linnaeus (mid 1700’s)  grouped organisms into seven levels ranging from general to specific: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Acronyms…

Example: Human Being = Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo Sapiens

Some more examples…

**Scientific name must be either underlined or italicized!** I. Classification Systems Binomial Nomenclature  The scientifc name of an organism, consists of two parts…genus & species. **Scientific name must be either underlined or italicized!** Examples: Ursus horriblis = Felis domesticus = Canis familiaris =

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Heterotrophic Autotrophic III. Alternate Forms of Classification: Organisms that rely on outside sources for nutrients (anything that has to eat!) Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis (plants).

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Simple cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles ex. bacteria More complex cells with a true nucleus and membrane- bound organelles ex. plants, animals

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Dichotomous Keys A. Definition  a chart consisting of a series of paired, opposite statements that help scientists to classify organisms.

Some practice…what is it? Head Abdomen Some practice…what is it? A pseudoscorpion! TAXONOMIC KEY Step 1 1a. Has 8 legs ………………………………………………………….. Step 2 1b. Has more than 8 legs Step 3 Step 2 2a. Has one oval-shaped body ……………………………………Step 4 2b. Has two body regions Step 5 Step 3 3a. Has one pair of legs on each body segment …………… Centipede 3b. Has two pairs of legs on each body segment Millipede Step 4 4a. Is less than 2 millimeter long …………………………………. Mite 4b. Is more than 1 millimeter long Tick Step 5 5a. Has clawlike pincers ………………………………………….. Step 6 5b. Has no clawlike pincers Spider Step 6 6a. Has a long tail with a stinger………………………………….. Scorpion 6b. Has no tail or stinger Pseudoscorpion

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