1. Unit 6- Classification Taxonomy- Taxonomy- The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms The science of describing, naming, & classifying organisms Classification- Classification- Arrangement of objects into groups Arrangement of objects into groups Taxon- Taxon- Groups into which organisms are classified Groups into which organisms are classified

2. Why Classify? We classify things in everyday life We classify things in everyday life Stores Stores School School Library Library

3. Why Classify? 1. Organization 1. Organization 2. Make comparisons 2. Make comparisons 3. Name 3. Name Single universally accepted name (Latin/Greek) Single universally accepted name (Latin/Greek) Common names can be misleading Common names can be misleading Worm? Earthworm, tapeworm, ringworm Worm? Earthworm, tapeworm, ringworm Sea Horse Sea Horse

4. Aristotle Plants- Plants- Based on structure Based on structure 3 groups 3 groups Herbs Herbs Shrubs Shrubs Trees Trees Animals- Animals- Based on habitat Based on habitat 3 groups 3 groups Land dwellers Land dwellers Water dwellers Water dwellers Air dwellers Air dwellers

5. Carolus Linnaeus Devised system of grouping organisms into categories according to form and structure. Devised system of grouping organisms into categories according to form and structure. Had 7 Levels Had 7 Levels

6. Levels of Classification Domain Domain Kingdom Kingdom Phylum Phylum Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species

7. Naming Binomial Nomenclature- Binomial Nomenclature- Two word scientific name Two word scientific name 1st word- genus name, 1st letter capitalized- Homo 1st word- genus name, 1st letter capitalized- Homo 2nd word- species name, 1st letter lower case- sapiens 2nd word- species name, 1st letter lower case- sapiens Latin/Greek- Latin/Greek- Human- Homo sapiens Human- Homo sapiens Lion- Panthera leo Lion- Panthera leo House cat- Felis domesticus House cat- Felis domesticus

8. Human Taxa- groups Domain- Eukarya Domain- Eukarya Kingdom- Animal Kingdom- Animal Phylum- Chordata Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Class- Mammalia Order- Primate Order- Primate Family- Hominidae Family- Hominidae Genus- Homo Genus- Homo Species- sapiens Species- sapiens

9. Basis for Classification 1. Homologous Structures (p305) 1. Homologous Structures (p305) Structures that are similar due to Structures that are similar due to evolutionary relationships Common ancestors Penguin flipper & alligator leg Penguin flipper & alligator leg Human arm & bats wing Human arm & bats wing

10. Basis For Classification 2. Biochemistry 2. Biochemistry Organisms with similar chemical make up are classified together. Organisms with similar chemical make up are classified together.

11. Basis For Classification 3. Genetics 3. Genetics Organisms that show similarities in genetic make up (DNA) are grouped together. Organisms that show similarities in genetic make up (DNA) are grouped together.

12. No Basis for Classification Analogous Structures Analogous Structures Structures that are similar due to function Structures that are similar due to function Wing of insect & wing of bird Wing of insect & wing of bird Leg of grasshopper & leg of cat Leg of grasshopper & leg of cat