Section 2: Trails to the West Chapter 7 Section 2: Trails to the West
Crossing the Appalachians Several main roads west From Northeast- Mohawk trail into west NY From Philadelphia- Forber’s Road to Pittsburgh & then voyage west on the Ohio River
From Baltimore- went to Pittsburgh on Braddocks Road From Mid- Atlantic States- Cumberland Road or National Road From South- Great Valley Road or Richmond Road
Settling the Wilderness Daniel Boone Employed to cut Wilderness Rd through the Cumberland Gap 1792- 75,000 pioneers settled in Kentucky Became the 15th state
1830’s Ohio- 1,000,000 Indiana- 350,000 Illinois 150,000 98,000 slaves move west between 1790 & 1810
Forcing Native Americans West Government developed a plan to help settlers by pressing the eastern tribes to move farther west to the Louisiana Territory Land was unfit for farming
Expanding into Florida Spanish Occupation 1795 Pinckney’s Treaty Southern boundary of the US was set at 31N latitude US citizens would be allowed free use of the Mississippi River
Spain & the US agreed to control the Natives living within their borders & to prevent them from attacking each other’s territories
US annexed west Florida by 1810 Seminole led raids on settlements in Georgia
General Andrew Jackson was sent to put them down The Seminole Wars General Andrew Jackson was sent to put them down Burned villages, captured towns & within a few weeks claim possession of the entire west part of Florida
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams accused Spain of breaking the treaty for not controlling the Seminoles
Spain ceded Florida to the US Adams-Onis Treaty Spain ceded Florida to the US Fixed the boundary between the LA purchase & Spanish territory in the west Present day Texas
Northern California to Southern Alaska Bound for the Pacific Believed the US had a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent “manifest destiny” The Oregon Country Northern California to Southern Alaska
Magnificent mountains, endless forests, & fertile valleys 4 different nations claimed rights to the Oregon country US, GB, Russia, & Spain 1818- US & GB signed a treaty agreeing to it’s occupation
Convention of 1818 Disregarded the wishes of native Americans who lived there 1819- Adams- Onis Treaty Spain gave up its claim to the region 1825- Russia gave up its claim
1842- organized wagon trains carried people west Overland Travelers 1842- organized wagon trains carried people west Met in Independence, Missouri Oregon Trail Took 4-6 months & was expensive & exhausting
Reasons to move west Obtain land Trade goods Challenge & independence of life on the frontier Good relations between the pioneers & Natives
Santa Fe Trail Used to go to Mexican Territory By 1845 more than 5,000 migrated to Oregon & demanded complete control of the area Treaty of 1846 US & GB agreed to divide the Oregon Country along the 49th parallel
Harassed by neighbors & condemned for their beliefs Mormon Migrations Harassed by neighbors & condemned for their beliefs Moved to Ohio & then to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839 Smith was killed by an angry mob because of polygamy
Brigham Young Becomes their new leader & moved outside the US border to the Great Salt Lake Mormon Trail By 1850 more than 11,000 settled
Prospered as farmers & traders by skillfully irrigating their desert region & by selling food & supplies to pioneers
January 1848- gold was discovered Gold Rush January 1848- gold was discovered August- 4,000 gold crazed prospectors swarmed the land Population explored to 200,000 by 1852
Mostly unmarried men 10% were Chinese Impact on California Bad for Natives Made them slaves in their mines
Brought commercial prosperity to cities along the Pacific Coast Mining towns usually had short lives Ghost towns