1. “From Sea to Shining Sea” Westward Expansion
The Growth of the United States

2. Manifest Destiny:
“ Belief that United States had the God given right to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean”
Phrase started by John O’Sullivan, a newspaper editor.

3. The Original United States,1783-1803
Included the original 13 colonies.
Included areas of western claims, by the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
After the American Revolution, the U.S. extends west to the Mississippi River, north to Canada, and south to Spanish Florida.
Treaty signed at tend of Revolutionary war- Signed by Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, set new borders for US.

4. 13 original states and territories received from Treaty

5. The Louisiana Purchase, 1803
The Louisiana Territory is purchased for $15 million, about 3 cents per acre from France.
The size of the U.S. is doubled (15 states)
President Jefferson sends William Clark and Meriwether Lewis to explore the territory.
The purchase will lead to significant westward expansion.
France sold the land to the US because they needed to pay off debts and they needed access to the sugar trade of the Caribbean, more than the land of North America. Thomas Jefferson felt the US needed the Port of Orleans and without control, France and Spain could block that trade. Only wanted port, but got all the land for only 5 million more than they had wanted to spin.

6. Lewis and Clark Activity
Analyze Primary Documents and answer question.
The documents are diary entries, letters and a magazine article.

7. Ceded by Great Britain, 1816 Red River Cession
Britain and the United States lay claim to this land.
In the Convention of 1818, the two countries set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
Ceded means to give up.

8. Florida Cession, 1819
Spain gave Florida to the U.S. after Andrew Jackson invaded the territory to capture Seminole Indian raiders.
In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded Florida and gave up its claims to the Oregon Country.
Andrew Jackson raided Florida because the Seminoles added runaway slaves and invaded U.S. settlements.
Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, the Adams-Onis Treaty was one of the critical events that defined the U.S.-Mexico border.

9. Texas Annexation, 1845
Texas breaks away from Mexico in 1836 and becomes an independent nation, the Lone Star Republic.
Texans desire annexation by the U.S., but northerners are fearful that it will be admitted as a slave state. Congress votes against it.
Texas is admitted as a slave state in Border disputes with Mexico will lead to war.
Alamo activity.
Free state –no slaver, slave state-slavery ok; for every free state, a slave state was admitted.
Mexican American War- Pres. Polk believed in manifest destiny- 2 causes:1. US desire to expand across North America to Pacific. 2. Texas war of Independence and annexation as a state.

10. Oregon Territory, 1846
This is an area claimed by both the U.S. and Great Britain.
It is agreed to divide the territory at the 49th parallel.
This agreement extends the boundary line between the U.S. and Canada as set by the Convention of 1818, and remains to this day.

11. Mexican Cession, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Feb. 2, 1848, ends war between Mexico and the U.S.
Mexico recognizes Texas as a part of the U.S. and the Rio Grande river is set as the border between the two nations.
Mexico gives up a vast region of land: including California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Half of Mexico is ceded.
Mexican-American Activity

12. The Gadsden Purchase, 1853
The last bit of land is added to the Continental United States, stretching across southern New Mexico and Arizona.
The U.S. government needed the land as a location for a southern transcontinental railroad.
Mexico sells the land for $10 million.

13. Manifest Destiny is Fulfilled
The United States stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific, yet not all of the territories have become states.
Alaska and Hawaii will be not be added until 1959.
THE END
Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona were added in the 1900’s along with Alaska and Hawaii.

14. Complete Map