1. Chapter 9.1
Manifest Destiny

3. Spanish America New Mexico settled in 1598
Oldest Spanish Colony in Northwest
1765 only 9,400 lived in New Mexico
Santa Fe and El Paso
Farmers and Ranchers
Fear of Pueblo Indians kept population low

4. Natives Pueblo Populations were declining due to disease
Less than 10,000 by 1765
Apaches were becoming very powerful
Warring tribe
Acquired horses from Spanish
Guns From French

5. 1800- Lakota and Comanche Indians moved into the plains and pushed the Apache into New Mexico
Apaches raided settlements and stole livestock
Spain paid Navajo and Comanche’s to attack the Apache

6. California By 1821 New Mexico had a population of 40,000.
Texas was Stagnant, but the Coast of California was being settled by missions.
Like Texas they had problems attracting settlers
Junipero Serra was a Franciscan Priest who worked at converting the local Natives

7. California Continued…
This task was easier because these populations did not have horses or guns.
By 1821 when Spanish rule ended there were 20 missions in California
As well as Los Angeles and San Jose
18,000 natives had been converted

8. Mexican Independence 1821 the Mexican Revolution
America recognized Mexico and an independent republic.

9. Manifest Destiny American’s wanted the land that Mexico held….
California, Texas, and New Mexico
All were rich with resources
American’s justified this desire because they felt that
Mexican’s were inferior
Their government and economy was too weak

10. John O’Sullivan a journalist wrote that:
“The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the experiment of liberty and …. Self-government entrusted to us.” (1845)

11. What Does This Mean?
Basically it means that American’s had the God given right to own all of the lands from east to west in North America.
This was going to greatly limit the freedom of the Natives and Mexicans in these areas.

12. Santa Fe Trail
Mexican Independence spurred trade with Americans and the Santa Fe Trail was created.

15. Mountain Men
Men who crossed the Rockies in search of Beaver and other furs…. Known as trappers.
California Trail was created by these men who worked their way to the Pacific coast.

16. Oregon Trail
Turned North West at the South Pass and headed to “Oregon Country”.
Missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman went to Oregon and opened a Mission.
Stopping point for those heading to the Willamette Valley

17. …..
They were murdered by Natives in 1847 who blamed them for the measles epidemic that had decimated the population.

19. John C Fremont 1842- Led a government expedition to the West.
Did not discover anything new
Gave romantic reports that spurred migration west.

20. Wagon Trains
In the Spring thousands would leave Springfield, Illinois.
Trip was 2,000 miles
Traveled in Trains of 10 to 100 wagons
50-1,000 people

22. Georgia and Eliza Donner with Mary Brunner in about 1850
                             
Georgia and Eliza Donner with Mary Brunner in about 1850

23. Donner Party Left in 1846 heading west 33 people
Mostly women and children
Going to California
Took the wrong pass
Became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada's
Resorted to Cannibalism
7 people survived
2 men and 5 women

24. Mormons Joseph Smith founder was murdered in Illinois in 1844.
Brigham Young organized an exodus in 1847
Traveled across the great plains to Salt Lake
,000 Mormons live in Salt Lake

25. Treaty of Ft. Laramie
Native were forced to stay away from major trails.
In place to protect settlers
Natives still clung to nomadic life styles
Conflicts continued.