Exam 4 Review Chapter 11 (Human Development)

Prenatal Develop- ment Temper- ament & Attachment Cognitive & Moral Reasoning Adoles. & Adult- hood Misc

Prenatal Development 100 The longest stage of prenatal development, lasting from approximately 2 months until birth What is the Fetal Stage?

Prenatal Development 200 The stage during which most of the vital organs begin to form, a time of great vulnerability What is the Embryonic Stage?

Prenatal Development 400 The age at which a fetus, if born prematurely, is likely to survive What is the Age of Viability?

Prenatal Development 600 Increased risk of prematurity, stillbirth, and miscarriage What are the risks of Tobacco use during pregnancy?

Prenatal Development 800 Irritability, heart defects, hyperactivity, and delayed mental development What are possible symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Prenatal Development 1000 Birth complications and neurological problems What are the risks of Severe Malnutrition?

Temperament & Attachment 100 The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant What is Temperament?

Easy, slow-to-warm-up, difficult and mixed Temperament & Attachment 200 What are the Basic Temperament Styles identified by Thomas, Chess and Birch?

These are the theorists who said we become attached to our mother only because she reinforces that attachment with food Temperament & Attachment 400 Who are the Behaviorists?

His research with monkeys contradicted the Behaviorists’ theory on attachment Temperament & Attachment 600 Who is Harlow?

The type of attachment illustrated when an infant plays comfortably when mother is around, becomes upset when she leaves, but calms quickly when she returns. Temperament & Attachment 800 What is Secure Attachment?

The type of attachment illustrated when an infant is anxious when mom is near, protests when she leaves, but is not comforted when she returns Temperament & Attachment 1000 What is Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 100 Piaget’s stage, which occurs from birth until about age 2, when infants do not understand that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible What is the Sensorimotor stage?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 200 Piaget’s stage where children demonstrate irreversibility, egocentrism, animism, and centration What is the Preoperational Stage?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 400 The ability to understand that physical quantities remain the same despite changes in shape or appearance What is Conservation?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 600 Vygotsky’s term for the gap between what a child can accomplish alone and what a child can achieve with guidance from more skilled learners What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 800 If I believe that the man should steal the medicine for his wife because her life is more important than laws against stealing, I am probably in this level of moral reasoning What is the Postconventional Level?

Cognitive & Moral Reasoning 1000 If I believe that eating meat is wrong because my friends will be more accepting of me if I am a vegetarian, I am probably at this level of moral reasoning What is the Conventional Level?

Adolescence & Adulthood 100 The part of the brain that is not fully developed until we are in our 20s What is the Prefrontal Cortex?

Adolescence & Adulthood 200 Early puberty is associated with more distress and emotional difficulty for this gender Who are Females?

Adolescence & Adulthood 400 Arnett’s name for his proposed new developmental stage What is Emerging Adulthood?

Adolescence & Adulthood 600 If I plan to be a veterinarian because my father is a veterinarian and feels it’s the best career for me, I am in this identity status according to Marcia What is Identity Foreclosure?

Adolescence & Adulthood 800 After considering several colleges that have the programs I am interested in, I have decided to attend a college in New England. According to Marcia, this represents the following identity status What is Identity Achievement?

Adolescence & Adulthood 1000 Lengthier participation in higher education, more barriers to financial independence, and delaying marriage/parenthood What are the reasons used by Arnett for his new stage of Emerging Adulthood?

Misc. 100 Research suggests that this gender is more sensitive to nonverbal cues Who are Females?

Misc. 200 The tendency for children to gain control over their torsos before their extremities What is the Proximodistal Trend?

Misc. 400 An advantage of longitudinal research over cross sectional research is that there is less risk of these, which are differences between age groups that are due to the groups growing up at different times What are Cohort Effects?

Misc. 600 The tendency for children to gain control over the upper part of their bodies before the lower part What is the Cephalocaudal Trend?

Misc. 800 The four broad periods of development during our lifespan What are the prenatal period, childhood, adolescence and adulthood?

Misc The median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities What are Developmental Norms?