LEARNING. I.Learning A.Relatively permanent change in a behavior to a given situation brought about by repeated experiences in that situation –Changes.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22
Advertisements

Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
LEARNING. I.Learning A.Relatively permanent change in a behavior that occurs as a result of experience –Changes can’t be explained by Native response.
LEARNING.
Chapter 8 Learning.  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning.
Unit 6 Learning How do we Learn?.
Learning.
Learning  relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Associative Learning  learning that two events occur together two stimuli (classical.
Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison to the genetically- programmed.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology –Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
A Brief Introduction to Learning Theory The concept of learning is fundamental to education We can teach. We can re-teach. We can teach alternatives.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 6: Learning.
Learning A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Big Bang Theory. I CAN Explain key features of OC – Positive Reinforcement – Negative Reinforcement – Omission Training.
Operant Conditioning Mr. Koch AP Psychology Forest Lake High School.
Chapter 7 Learning. Classical Conditioning Learning: a relatively permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience Ivan Pavlov: – Noticed.
Chapter 6: Learning 1Ch. 6. – Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning : Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning :
Learning Theories Learning To gain knowledge, understanding, or skill, by study, instruction, or experience.
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 7 Learning.
HOW DO WE LEARN? Conditioning –process of learning associations  Classical conditioning- we learn to associate two stimuli and anticipate events. In classical.
Review Unit 7. Observational Learning Learning by watching others.
Classical Conditioning
Learning. LEARNING  Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Learning. A. Introduction to learning 1. Why do psychologists care about learning? 2. What is and isn’t learning? IS: A relatively permanent change in.
LEARNING. How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning Learning that certain events occur together. Learning is a relatively permanent change.
Definition of Learning Any lasting change in behavior or mental processes that results from experience.
Chapter 9 Learning.
Components of Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Punishment.
Learning Learning – A lasting change in behavior or mental processes that results from experience. No topic is closer to the heart of psychology. Shapes.
Learning Modules (Chapters) 20, 21, 22 Pages
LEARNING  a relatively permanent change in behavior as the result of an experience.  essential process enabling animals and humans to adapt to their.
Learning Psychology. Bell Activity 3/22/2013 Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to- -Define Classical Conditioning -Define and Identify.
The Learning Perspective: Unit VI. The Learning Perspective Our environment and past learning experiences shape our behavior 2 views on learning –BEHAVIORISIM.
Learning  relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience  Helps us …
Learning. LEARNING CONCEPTS Learning –any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs due to experience. Conditioning-forming associations between.
Unit 6: Learning.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
CP PSYCHOLOGY CP PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 2 Learning Theories.
BF Skinner  Most notable psychologist of 20th century  Research dealing with learning and operant conditioning has permeated every field of human behavior.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. 3 Types:  Classical  Operant.
Learning Definition: The process of acquiring new and enduring information or behaviors Associative learning is the key Conditioning – the process of.
Learning Learning is not attained by chance; it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence. Abigail Adams.
Operant Conditioning. Learning when an animal or human performs a behavior, and the following consequence increases or decreases the chance that the behavior.
Chapter 8 Learning. A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. learning.
Chapter 6 FLASH CARD CHALLENGE!!!
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 7 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Learning 7-9% of the AP Psychology exam. Thursday, December 3 Sit with your group from yesterday’s test review!
Classical and Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning A type of learning in which an organisms comes to associate stimuli A neutral stimulus that.
CHAPTER 8 Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Adaptability  Our capacity to learn new behaviors that allow.
Rat Maze Activity complete the maze starting at the ear and ending at the tail you must work on your own to complete it receive a small piece of candy.
Psychology 40S C. McMurray
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
CP PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 2 Learning Theories Section 2Q1 Glencoe Publishers.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Operant Conditioning Chapter 6.
Chapter 8 pt. 2: Operant Conditioning and Observational Learning
Chapter 6 Notes AP Tips. Know about classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning: the repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus.
Learning. Learning - “A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
Ch. 7: Learning. Learning: relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning What is learning?
Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.
Vocab unit 6 Learning. Classical Conditioning a relatively permanent change in an behavior due to experience.
Learning goals Understand classical conditioning and effectively apply its principles Understand the basic meaning and terminology of operant conditioning.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Unit VI Learning Worth Publishers.
Welcome to Jeopardy!.
Learning.
Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior potential) produced by experience.
Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Presentation transcript:

LEARNING

I.Learning A.Relatively permanent change in a behavior to a given situation brought about by repeated experiences in that situation –Changes can’t be explained by native response tendencies, maturation, or temporary states of the person or other animal (e.g. fatigue, drugs, etc)

B.How do we learn? 1.Associative learning – learning certain events occur together 2.Habituation- an organism’s decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it Ex: Ignoring traffic sounds if you live on a busy street

3.Observational Learning a.New behaviors are acquired by watching the behaviors of others b.Also known as modeling c.Albert Bandura Bobo doll experimentAlbert Bandura Bobo doll experiment

II.Classical Conditioning A.A subject learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events B.Studied by Ivan Pavlov

C.Unconditioned stimulus (US) - naturally and automatically triggers a response –Food stimulus D.Unconditioned response (UR) - unlearned, naturally occurring response to the US –Salivation

E.Conditioned stimulus (CS) - originally irrelevant; comes to trigger a conditioned response –Tone F.Conditioned response (CR) - learned response to a previously neutral stimulus –Salivation in response to tone

G.Acquisition - initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus so the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response

H.Extinction - diminished responding when a US doesn’t follow a CS I.Spontaneous recovery - reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause J.Generalization - tendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit similar responses K.Discrimination - learned ability to distinguish between a CS and stimuli that don’t signal a US

III.Operant Conditioning A.Type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher B.Studied by B.F. Skinner

C.Operant chamber - chamber that contains a bar an animal can manipulate to get a reward –Aka “Skinner Box”

D.Shaping - reinforcers guide current behavior toward the desired behavior E.Discriminative stimulus - stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement

F.Positive reinforcement - increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli –Getting money for good grades G.Negative reinforcement - increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimulus –Buckling seat belt to remove dinging

H.Reinforcement Schedules 1.Continuous reinforcement - reinforcement every time a behavior occurs –Preferable until behavior is mastered 2.Partial (intermittent) reinforcement - reinforcement only part of the time –Most effective in maintaining behaviors that have already been learned –Occasionally giving into a child’s tantrum 3.Fixed-ratio schedule - reinforcement only after a specified number of responses –Being paid on piecework basis

4.Variable-ratio schedules - reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses –High rate of response –Slot machines 5.Fixed-interval schedules - reinforces a response after a specified time –Choppy start and stop –Monthly paycheck 6.Variable-interval schedules - reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals –Slow, steady rate of response –

I.Punishment 1.Aversive consequence used to weaken behavior 2.Positive Punishment - application of an aversive stimulus after a response/behavior –Touching a hot stove (response = touching stove, stimulus = hot)

3.Negative Punishment - removal of a reinforcer –Parents taking away car keys 4.Punishment vs. Negative Reinforcement: –Punishment decreases behavior –Negative reinforcement increases behavior

5.Problems of Punishment a.Power disappears when threat of punishment is removed –Speed limit b.Punishment triggers aggression c.May trigger fear d.Often applied unequally

6.Proper Punishment a.Swift b.Certain c.Limited in time and intensity d.Target behavior, not character e.Limited to situation in which response occurred f.Not give mixed messages g.Most effective = negative punishment

IV.Motivation A.Intrinsic motivation - desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake B.Extrinsic motivation - desire to perform a behavior to receive a reward or avoid punishment

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.