American Industrialization

Industrial Revolution Manufacturing of theManufacturing of the 18 th century –Hand tools and small-scale manufacturing Agriculture centered economy pushed by the Democratic- RepublicansAgriculture centered economy pushed by the Democratic- Republicans Technology improvements create a shift toward large-scale production

Revolution Technology Revolution Spinning jenny –Produces many spools of yarn Power loom –Wove & pressed thread into cloth Water frame –Power machines in factories Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce clothAdvances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth Patent LawPatent Law –Passed to protect rights of inventors

Free Enterprise and Factories Workers and machines together under one roofWorkers and machines together under one roof Samuel Slater –First successful water- powered textile mill for wages on a set schedulePeople leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule

Free Enterprise and Factories New England was ideal American factories Built near water for power source Land was not beneficial to farming, people willing to work in factoriesLand was not beneficial to farming, people willing to work in factories Many fast moving riversMany fast moving rivers Near oceanNear ocean

Economic system allowed competition –Minimum government interference Free Enterprise –Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 Businessmen built factories and grew wealthyBusinessmen built factories and grew wealthy Free Enterprise and Factories

Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickest –Most on rivers –Needed water power –New England had many fast- flowing rivers City disadvantagesCity disadvantages –Waste disposal was an issue Threat of diseaseThreat of disease –Fires were a constant threat –Overcrowded living conditions City advantagesCity advantages –Libraries, museums, shops –Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

Francis Cabot Lowell builds a factory in Mass Figured out how to work power looms in England (stole the technology like Samuel Slater) So successful he built a factory town called Lowell Lowell Mills

Lowell millsLowell mills employed farm girls –Lived in company-owned boarding-houses –Worked 12 ½ hour days Girls came because of high wages –Between $2 - $4 a week –Some men making that in factories Older women supervised the girlsOlder women supervised the girls –Enforced strict rules (and others like them who used water power)Steam powered factories eventually forced the mills to close (and others like them who used water power) The Lowell Mills

Factories did many tasks in one place –Increase efficiency Interchangeable parts –Each part of a manufactured item was exactly alike –Reduced prices –Became the industry standard

Transportation Revolution Robert Fulton –Builds a boat powered by steam to transport people quicker New York City to upstate New YorkUsed to commercially transport people up the Hudson River New York City to upstate New York Roads built to connect cities States charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stoneStates charged tolls or fees to drive wagons on the streets of crushed stone

Samuel Morse –Invents the telegraph –Sends short pulses of electricity along a wire that could be translated into letters Took seconds to communicate to someone in another city Communication Revolution

John Deere –Blacksmith by trade –Invents a –Invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge –Designed for –Designed for rich and heavy Midwestern soil Cyrus McCormick –Invents a –Invents a mechanical reaper to cut ripe grain Threshing machine invented to separate kernels of wheat from the husksThreshing machine invented to separate kernels of wheat from the husks New farm equipment opened new markets to grow foodNew farm equipment opened new markets to grow food

PersonInventionDate James WattFirst reliable Steam Engine1775 Samuel SlaterFirst successful American textile mill1793 Eli WhitneyCotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets1793, 1798 Robert FultonRegular Steamboat service on the Hudson River1807 Francis Cabot Lowell First American textile mill to convert raw cotton to finished cloth in one building 1813 Peter CooperAmerican-made locomotive powered by steam1830 Samuel F. B. MorseTelegraph1836 Elias HoweSewing Machine1844 Isaac SingerImproves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine1851 Cyrus FieldTransatlantic Cable1866 Alexander Graham BellTelephone1876 Thomas EdisonPhonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb1877, 1879 Nikola TeslaInduction Electric Motor1888 Rudolf DieselDiesel Engine1892 Orville and Wilbur WrightFirst Manned Airplane1903 Henry FordModel T Ford, Assembly Line1908, 1913 Industrial Revolution’s Key Inventions