Presented By Dominique Guinn-Allen Disease Intervention Specialist Supervisor Arkansas Department of Health July 19, 2007 – Holiday Inn Presidential Conference Center HIV/STD in the Schools

WHERE DOES ARKANSAS RANK? AIDS33 rd AIDS33 rd Syphilis18 th Syphilis18 th Gonorrhea11 th Gonorrhea11 th Chlamydia30 th Chlamydia30 th Congenital Syphilis2 nd Congenital Syphilis2 nd

Arkansas 2006 STD Statistics Among ages cases of Chlamydia 6418 cases of Chlamydia 2772 cases of Gonorrhea 2772 cases of Gonorrhea 57 cases of Early Syphilis 57 cases of Early Syphilis 45 cases of HIV 45 cases of HIV 14 cases of AIDS 14 cases of AIDS

2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey 1,615 Students 9-12 th grade 1,615 Students 9-12 th grade 54% Reported having sexual intercourse 54% Reported having sexual intercourse 9% Reported they had sexual intercourse for the first time prior to age 13 9% Reported they had sexual intercourse for the first time prior to age 13 Of students who had intercourse during the past three months Of students who had intercourse during the past three months 57% used a condom 20% used birth control 22% used alcohol or drugs before sex

Every 57 Minutes a teenager in Arkansas is infected with an STD teen every hour,...24 teens every day, teens every month

A Sense of Intimacy appears to be lacking Source: 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, Center for Disease Control and Prevention

What STDs have you heard about?

The Major STDs Treatable…but repeatable SyphilisChlamydiaGonorrheaTrichomoniasis Crabs (pubic lice) Crabs (pubic lice) Not curable...some life-long HSV ( Herpes Simplex Virus ) HPVs ( Human Papilloma viruses ) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HBV ( Hepatitis B Virus )

3 of every 5 gonorrhea and chlamydia cases in Arkansas are Among 15 – 24 year olds.

HPVs HPVs Four Most Common STDs Among Sexually Active Teens Trichomoniasis Chlamydia HSV (genital herpes)

Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Only 3 of every 5 sexually active teens (15 – 19 years of age) used a condom at last sexual intercourse.

Female Reproductiv e Organs: Uterus Fallopian tube Ovary Cervix Vagina Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: The cervix in teen females has a cell type that is easier to infect for some STDs (HPVs & Chlamydia)

Unlike women over 25 years old, a teen’s cervix has “weaker” cells that are less protective against STDs. “weaker” cells “stronger” cells

Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: The large number of year olds infected with STDs increases the odds of meeting someone who already has an STD. Can you tell who has an STD?

Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: People often don’t have enough information about the health of their sex partners – and don’t protect themselves.

Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Sometimes they have trouble getting their older partners to use condoms to prevent STDs or unwanted pregnancy. Some teens are in relationships with older partners who often control their decisions.

What are the odds that a sexually active teen will get an STD this year? a. 1 out of 2 b. 1 out of 4 c. 1 out of 5

Why teens need to know about STDS: 1 of every 4 sexually active teens in Arkansas will get an STD this year...

Medical Complications of STDs If a young girl or woman gets an STD, she could end up with: - Cervical cancer - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Tubal pregnancy - Permanent pelvic pain - Infertility (inability to have babies)

Medical Complications of STDs In men or women, STDs can result in: Liver disease or cancer Liver disease or cancer Anal cancer Anal cancer Nervous system problems Nervous system problems AIDS (from sexually transmitted HIV) AIDS (from sexually transmitted HIV) Death Death

Medical Complications of STDs If a pregnant woman has an STD, her baby could end up with: Eye infections resulting in blindness Lung infections Brain infections Birth defects being Stillborn (born dead).

STDs increase the chances for giving and getting HIV by 3 – 5 Times!! * Chlamydia * Genital Herpes * Gonorrhea * Syphilis * Trichomonas

How are STDs transmitted?

STD Transmission Direct contact with an STD lesion, sore, or infected tissue through oral, anal, vaginal sex…and other intimate sexual contact Transfer of STD-infected semen & vaginal fluids, discharge, or blood through oral, anal, vaginal sex STD organisms can be passed even when there are no signs or symptoms present!

But…even if you have unprotected sex with just one person… you can’t really know about his/her sex partners… or their sex partners – or the STDs that could be passed to you. You

About 4 of 5 females with Gonorrhea or Chlamydia will NOT have any signs or symptoms. Caution…

Myth Busters: True or False?  Correct use of latex condoms reduces, but does not eliminate, the chance for STD transmission. TRUE  Abstinence means not having vaginal sex. FALSE

Myth Busters: True or False?  Infertility, still birth, birth defects, chronic pain, cervical cancer, liver failure, and death can result from STDs. TRUE  Herpes and HIV are incurable life-long infections. TRUE  The birth control pill and patch help lower the chances of getting an STD. FALSE

Myth Busters: True or False?  HPV infections usually cause warts that can be seen on the genitals or anus. FALSE  STDs are passed by intimate sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) between partners. TRUE  Several STDs increase the chances for HIV transmission and HIV infection. TRUE

Myth Busters: True or False?  One of every four sexually active teens will get an STD this year. TRUE  The chance of passing STDs through oral sex is very low. FALSE  STDs are commonly transmitted even when no signs or symptoms are present. TRUE

Myth Busters: True or False?  People with STDs usually will feel some kind of pain or see some sign of infection. FALSE  STDs usually happen to people who aren’t “clean”. FALSE  “SEX” occurs only when there is penis-in- vagina contact. FALSE

Minor Consent for STD Care Arkansas Code (Act 100 of 1969) states that minors can consent for STD medical services. Arkansas Code ( Act 328 of 1973) gives general consent rules for medical treatment. It allows minors to consent for their medical and surgical treatment if they have sufficient intelligence to understand their proposed treatment or procedure. Healthcare providers cannot notify Healthcare providers cannot notify parents or guardians when minors get parents or guardians when minors get tested or treated for STDs. tested or treated for STDs.

Tell me my most attractive feature is my self confidence.

Tell me to throw every inch of myself into everything I do.

Tell me I have the power to change the world.

Tell me I will be a productive and viable asset to my community

THANK YOU

Any questions?

A BIG Thank You to the many people who contributed to the creation of this slide presentation: Gary Horton Gary Horton Dr. Benny Primm Dr. Benny Primm Paul Gibson Paul Gibson Botao Shi Botao Shi Kathleen Courtney Kathleen Courtney 2005 YRBS Survey 2005 YRBS Survey