Review of Quiz n Weight & Balance n Stall Spin

HOMEWORK n FAR AIM SECTION 2 & 3 n JEPPESEN CHAPTER 4 SECTION B & D n PHAK CHAPTER 13 & 14 n REVIEW HANDOUT n ASA Chapter 4-29 to 4-33, 5 to 5-16, 9-37 to 9-46, to n AOPA Interactive Courses Due Next Class n Know Before You Go: Navigating Today’s Airspace n Mission: Possible—Navigating Today's Special-Use Airspace n Solo packet should have been turned into your flight instructor by now n PIF should have been read n /fcards_files/frame.htm /fcards_files/frame.htm

PRE-SOLO PACKET n Should have been turned in by now. n Pre-Solo written should have been completed and graded n Runway Safety test should have been completed

Private Pilot Ground School n AIRPORTS, AIRSPACE, AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

CONTENT n Class A, B, C, D, E, G n Special Use Airspace n TFR’s n Federal airways & transition areas n LAHSO n Runway incursions n Aeronautical lighting & Airport visual aids n Airport Markings and signs n Collision avoidance n Communication terminology

WEBSITES OF INTEREST n pdate_for_web.pdf pdate_for_web.pdf ir/vfr_symbols.pdf ir/vfr_symbols.pdf n n pdf pdf n n

AIRSPACE (if you have a sectional take it out please) n vertical dimensions n horizontal dimensions n pilot requirements n equipment requirements n visibility requirements n how depicted on the sectional n special requirements

Class A (above) Jep pg. 4-70,71 PHAK 14-2 n 18,000 to FL 600 n Contiguous U.S. n pilot must be IFR rated n plane must be IFR rated n no vis requirements n not marked on sectional 12 miles out from coast n must be under IFR

Class A Mneomonic n Above (above 18,000 ft) – FL600 n Altitude (mode C) n Altimeter (29.92) n Approval (ATC clearance) IFR

Class B

Class B (BIG BUSIEST AIRPORTS) n Surface to 10,000 msl n Denoted by solid blue line n Pilot can be student in some private minimum in others n Mode c and two way radio n 3 miles visibility clear of clouds n Student 90 day endorsement

Class B n Boundary – ATC clearance needed to enter n solid blue line n Only found around heavy traffic areas n 30NM mode c veil surrounds class B surface to 10,000msl n VFR transition routes n VFR corridors n Flyways

VFR Flyway Planning Chart SEA n , &chart=301& zoom= , &chart=301& zoom=3

Class B

Class C

Class C (Communicate) n An outer area with a 20 nm radius is not depicted on charts, and is not really part of the Class C airspace. However, ATC will provide Class C services to participating VFR traffic in that area. Contact with ATC in the outer area is encourage, but not required.

Class C (Communicate) n Surface to 4000agl n Inner circle 5nm, outer circle from 5 to 10nm from 1200agl to 4000agl n Pilot can be lowest form n Mode c and two way radio n 3 mile vis 500 below 1000 above 2000 horizontal

Class C n Solid magenta line n Must establish two way radio comm. prior to entering n 2 way radio comm. is established when they say call sign back n Found around high traffic areas but less than class B airports.

Class C

Class D

Class D (Dialogue – with Tower) n Surface to 2500agl n Average 4.4 nm based on rwy length (old AIM reference). n Pilot can be lowest form n Two way radio n 3 mile vis 500 below 1000 above 2000 horizontal n Below 1000 feet or 3 miles airspace IFR n Dashed blue line

Class D n Must establish two way radio comm. prior to entering n Some class D airports have surface based E extensions controlled by the tower. n If no weather reporting when tower closes, then it reverts to G n If there is wx reporting then it reverts to E

Class D

Surface based Class E (everywhere else) n Surface, Magenta dash line n 700agl, Magenta shading n 1200agl Blue shading n 14,500msl not marked n Ends at: to but not including 18,000 n Above FL600 class E

Surface based Class E n Pilot can be lowest form n No radio requirements when VFR n Less than 10,000msl; 3 miles 500 below, 1000 above, 2000 horizontal n Over 10,000msl; 5 miles 1000 below, 1000 above, 1 mile horizontal

Surface based Class E n If desired ops in surface E with weather less than 3 miles and 1000' ceiling need special VFR otherwise none n configured to include instrument approaches n Surface based; dashed magenta line

Surface based Class E

Class E Transition Area n 700agl magenta shading towards the area designated n 1200agl blue shading towards the area designated n Blue zippers designate special altitudes of floors on sectional chart n 14,500msl denoted by sharp edged blue shading forming a box

Class E Transition Area

Class G Uncontrolled (Government Free) n Surface to 700agl n Or surface to 1200agl n Or surface to 14,500msl n Denoted by shading n Student pilot n No equipment requirements

Class G Uncontrolled AIM 574 n Less than 1,200agl day 1 mile clear of clouds, night 3 miles 512BAH n More than 1,200 agl but less than 10,000msl day 1 mile 512BAH, night 3 miles 512BAH n More than 1,200agl and more than 10,000msl 5 miles 111BAH

Class G Uncontrolled n Look for the class E depictions n By process of elimination any airspace that is not A,B,C,D, or E then it must be G

Class G Uncontrolled

TRSA n Terminal Radar Service Areas n Usually in class E airspace except for the area around their primary airport, which is class D. n Provide similar radar services as Class C areas for VFR pilots. Participation is optional by can be very helpful. n Solid black line

TRANSPONDERS n Class A n Class B n Within 30 nm of Class B n Class C n Above Class C n Above 10,000 MSL (excluding airspace below 2,500 AGL)

Special use airspace n 1. Prohibited n 2. Restricted n 3. Warning areas; 3nm outward from US n 4. MOA

P51 by SEA, Restricted YKM

MOA, ALERT AREAS

Special use airspace n 5. Alert areas; high volume of training n 6. Controlled Firing Areas; ops suspended automatically n 7. National security areas; like Hanford

Special use airspace

Other airspace areas n 1. Airport Advisory Area; 10nm FSS n 2.MTR; 4 numbers below 1500agl, 3 numbers above 1500agl n 3. Temporary flight restrictions; by notam, toxic gas, volcano, nuclear accident, hijackings ect.

MTR’S

MEMORIZE REVIEW

Other airspace areas n 4. Flight limitations prohibitions; by notam pres or vice n 5. Parachute jump ops; contained in AFD n 6. Published VFR routes; through class B n 7. Terminal radar service area n SHOW TFR MAP

Write out the following frequencies n College n ATIS n Ground n West Tower n East Tower n Approach/Departure n FSS n EPH CTAF n EPH ASOS n MWH VOR n EPH VOR

Write out the following frequencies n College n ATIS n Ground n West Tower n East Tower n Approach/Departure n FSS n EPH CTAF n EPH ASOS n MWH VOR n EPH VOR n n n n n n & n n n n n 112.6

SIGNS

Airport marking aids and signs AIM SECTION 2 & JEP 4 B n Grouped into four categories n 1. Runway markings: n 3 types visual, non precison instrument and precision instrument n Runway designator; mag number L, C, R

3. Holding Position signs n Runway hold lines; 4 lines, 2 solid 2 broken. n One may find hold lines preceding the runway, on the runway eg intersections, and on a taxiway that cuts to close to approach/departure end of a runway. n No part of the aircraft may cross the hold short lines unless cleared

3. Holding Position signs pg n ILS hold lines; 2 solid lines and lines 90 degrees to them n Taxiway hold lines; single dashed line pg. 560

4. Other pg & 4-29 n Runway signs; red with light numbers n Taxi signs; black background with yellow letter indicates taxiway aircraft is on, yellow background with black letter indicates direction of taxiway ahead

4. Other n Runway distance sign; usually has black background white#

SIGN FLASH CARDS n ourses/flashcards/fcards_files/fra me.htm ourses/flashcards/fcards_files/fra me.htm

VASI

Vertical Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) n 1. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) n Provides safe obstruction clearance +-10 degrees off centerline and 4NM from the threshold n Most are 2 bar and 3 degree slope

VASI

Vertical Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) n Some are 3 bar 3.25 degree slope for higher cockpit aircraft can be as high as 4.5 degree slope for obstacles n Red over white alright, white white out of site, red red your dead n Remember going below glide path indicators is illegal at tower airports unless safety dictates.

PAPI

2. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) n Single row of 2 or 4 lights. n All white more than 3.5 degrees, n right red 3.2 degrees n 2 right red on glide 3 degrees n 3 right red 2.8 degrees n 4 red less than 2.5

3. Tri-color system n Red below, Green on, Amber above

PAPI AND TRI-COLOR

4. Pulsating system n On glide steady white n Slightly below steady red n Pulsates faster the further you go above or below

Runway lights n Instrument runways the last 2000 are amber otherwise white n Pilot controlled lighting 3 clicks low, 5 med, 7 high within 5 seconds n Threshold lights are green, runway end lights are red taxiway lights are blue

WIND DIRECTION INDICATORS

TRAFFIC PATTERNS

LIGHT GUN SIGNALS

Beacons n White and green, civil lighted airport n White and yellow, lighted water airport n Green yellow white, lighted heliport n White white green, military airport n Operation of beacon during daylight indicates IFR conditions

RADAR BEACON PHRASEOLOGY

Special VFR