Parts of Speech Ms. Balaska Fall 2011

What is a Noun? A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea Persons heroteachersaudienceBrad Pitt Places museumcountriesrain forestNew Milford Things stereosongsfencesAtlantic Ocean Ideas sympathyfairnessgenerosityImpressionism Suggestions for each category:

Identifying Nouns in Sentences Identify the nouns in the following sentences: 1. As a young woman, Ms. Balaska studied English both at home and at Sacred Heart University, from which she graduated in During her college career, she recognized the importance of educating children and teens.

You Try! In your notebook, create a sentence using at least 2 nouns. I will come around and check these while you are working. …Any volunteers to share their sentence on the board?

Common nouns & Proper nouns A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas. A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Generally, common nouns are not capitalized; proper nouns are!

Abstract Nouns An abstract noun names a quality, feeling, or idea. It cannot be perceived by any of the five senses. To Aladdin’s delight, he received three wishes.

Compound Nouns A compound noun consists of two or more words that together name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, as separate words, or as a hyphenated word. One Word Separate Words Hyphenated Words basketballcivil rightsno-hitter newspaperArts and Crafts Clubsister-in-law

Complete the exercise below: For each of the follow common nouns, give a proper noun. Then, write compound next to each compound noun that is listed below. 1. play 2. state 3. street 4. song 5. president 6. newspaper 7. ocean 8. writer 9. poem 10. car 11. planet 12. poet 13. country 14. friend 15. continent 16. actor 17. explorer 18. scientist 19. religion 20. document

Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns A concrete noun names a person, a place, or a thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell) An abstract noun names an idea, a feeling, a quality or a characteristic Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns dogliberty sunsetbeauty thunderkindness silksuccess Nile RiverMarxism

Collective Nouns A collective noun names a group of people, animal, or things Collective Nouns crowdaudience flockbatch jurybouquet litterbunch orchestracluster

Possessive Nouns Nouns also can be used with the possessive “-s” This usually indicates possession or ownership How to spell the possessive: Plural: cats Possessive: cat’s

Possessive Nouns (cont.) Possessive nouns can become tricky. Sometimes a noun can be both plural and possessive at the same time. In this case, when spelling the word, toy will place the apostrophe AFTER the plural -s. This will make the word end with -s’. Plural: cats Possessive: cat’s Plural possessive: cats’

Practice Makes Perfect! For each of the following nouns, give the plural form, singular possessive form, and the plural possessive form. 1. James 2. fly 3. man 4. Smith 5. puppy 6. Ms. Balaska 7. woman 8. boss 9. teacher 10. principal

Count nouns and Noncount nouns Count nouns name something that can be counted. Pencil, friend, hat, sandwich, key, cloud, fingernail, etc Noncount nouns name something that cannot be counted. Furniture, respect, rice, air, water, homework, education Where should I deliver the furniture? (NOT furnitures) How much homework do you have? (NOT how many homeworks)

USING PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence.

Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are so named because, except for the pronoun it, they all refer to persons Used as a subject, as an object, or to show ownership in a sentence.

Personal Pronouns (cont) Singular (refers to one): Subjective: I, you, he, she, it Possessive: my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its Objective: me, you, him, her, it Plural (refers to more than one): Subjective: we, you, they Possessive: our, ours your, yours, their, theirs Objective: us, you, them

Practice Complete the sentences by writing a subjective case pronoun in the blank. 1. After school, _______ reports to a job at a fast-food restaurant. 2. Gleefully __________ waved hand-painted banners at the football game. 3. Did _______decide to go the movies this weekend?

Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent A pronoun should agree with its antecedent in two ways: in number (singular or plural) and in gender (male, female, neutral) 1. My son built his own bookcases. (singular, male) 2. The dog is chasing its tail. (singular, neutral)

Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns Some pronouns combine with self or selves to form intensive and reflexive pronouns. Singular: myself, himself, herself, itself, yourself Plural: ourselves, themselves, yourselves

Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns An intensive pronoun follows a noun or pronoun and emphasizes it. I myself love ice cream. For the party, Sarah herself prepared the food. A reflexive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent and adds information to the sentence. I bought myself an ice cream cone. (For whom did I buy an ice cream cone? For myself.)

Indefinite Pronouns An indefinite pronoun takes the place of an unspecified noun. anybody, anyone, each, either, everybody, everyone, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone When the party got loud, somebody called the police. Anyone may join the drama club.

What is a verb? Every complete sentence has at least one verb. When you compose sentences, you must choose the correct tense of the verb and make the verb agree with its subject. The tense of a verb shows the time of the action or the state of being that the verb expresses.

Tenses There are 6 main verb tenses that we will focus on: Present tense Past tense Future tense Present perfect tense Past perfect tense Future perfect tense

Examples of verbs in each tense… can you find the verb? Present tense: The Statue of Liberty stands on Ellis Island. The action occurs right now, in the present, or is habitually true. Past tense: Harriet Tubman started the Underground Railroad. The action occurred in the past. Future tense: Some baseball cards will become valuable over time. The action will occur at some time in the future.

Examples of verbs in each tense… can you find the verb? Present Perfect tense: Scientists have placed a robot on Mars. The action is completed in the present time. The use of present perfect tense emphasizes the relevance of the action to the current time, right now. Past Perfect tense: By the 1950s television had become an American pastime. The action was completed before a specific time in the past.

Examples of verbs in each tense… can you find the verb? Future perfect tense: By 2040, television will have celebrated its 100 th birthday. The action will be completed before a specific time in the future. ***NOTICE that the perfect tenses always use a form of have (have, has, or had). ***NOTICE that the future tenses always use will.