OBJS 1. Discuss why the United States adopted the reservation policy. 2. Explain why war erupted between the Native Americans and the US Government. 3. Discuss how the US Government attempted to Americanize the Native Americans.

Who is this man?

Copy HW Read and outline p and take notes on the following: How did the Federal Government help to settle the newly acquired territories? Who were the migrants to the Plains and what was life like? Questions How did the Dawes Act change Native American culture? What were the Jim Crow laws? What were the Civil War amendments and what did each do? What was the case and decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Intro What had the Indian Removal Act done?

Indian Country Indian Removal Act (1830) – had moved all NA s west of the Mississippi River Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) – US had promised NA s control of the Plains Violated when news of “gold” spread

New treaties signed Plains Indians forced to move to reservations Promised permanent reservation land, money, food and yearly supplies Bureau of Indian Affairs created to oversee the above Worked with the US Gov.

Native American Resistance Plains Indians opposed to reservation system without buffalo Fought US Gov. – 20K soldiers and NA enemies Buffalo Soldiers

Sand Creek Massacre - CO Cheyenne and Arapaho were killed Result = Treaty of Medicine Lodge – 1867

NA Resistance con’t Sioux US gov forced to move – gold in the Black Hills Sitting Bull leads defiance 1876 – vision of a great Sioux victory Battle of Rosebud – NA s gain confidence Camp set up w/2000 Sioux Custer sent to attack = outnumbered 3 to 1 Killed along with all of his men BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN

Wounded Knee Pauite holy man – Wovoka began the Ghost Dance Quote p. 429 Outlawed by US Gov. Sitting Bull killed in a skirmish Dec. 15 th 1890 Dec. 29 – 300 Sioux killed / 30 US military End of “Indian Wars”

Nez Perces NE Oregon Forced to move to Idaho Skirmish erupts Nez Perces on the run to Canada chased by US solders Surrendered 432 – Chief Joseph speech

SW Apache Geronimo opposed to the reservations Attacks on settlements Surrendered Sept. 4, 1886 Pauite Sarah Winnemuca appealed to Pres. Hayes to let them return to their land Hayes approved but BIA opposed

Assimilation Fed. Gov. established Indian Schools to Americanize the NA s – Ex. Carlisle School in PA

Dawes Allotment Act (1887) – division of NA lands to be divided into 160 acre parcels – claimed by NAs Purpose – turn Plains Indians into farmers Disaster for NA s

Navajo US gov tried to force them to farm on unfertile land Moved to diff. reservation and thrived Silver mining Sheep herding Weaving

closure By 1890 – NA pop was only 250K