1. U.S. History A
War in the West
Pg. 434 to 441

2. Indian Country
By 1850 most American Indians lived west of the Mississippi River
Treaty of Fort Laramie had guaranteed Indian land rights on the Great Plains

3. New treaties guaranteed Indians money and supplies in exchange for them moving onto reservations
Bureau of Indian Affairs was the government agency responsible for managing American Indian issues

4. American Indians who willingly moved onto reservations found the U. S
American Indians who willingly moved onto reservations found the U.S. government often failed to honor its treaties

5. Sioux attacked the Indian agency when a government agent refused to give them food
Army troops soon ended the uprising and executed 38 Sioux for their actions
Anger over inadequate supplies and broken treaties exploded into violence on the Santee Sioux reservation in 1862

6. Years of Struggle
Many Plains Indians refused to live on the reservations
20,000 U.S. Army troops were assigned to confine the tribes to the reservations

7. Cheyenne chief Black Kettle decided to make peace with the U.S.
On the way, his group camped along Sand Creek
Located in Colorado Territory

8. U.S. Army colonel John M. Chivington and some 700 Colorado volunteers arrived at the camp while the Cheyenne men were away hunting
Black Kettle raised the U.S. flag above his lodge as a sign of peace

9. U.S. troops opened fire on the camp
Some 200 of Black Kettle’s group, mostly women and children, died in the Sand Creek Massacre

10. News of the Sand Creek Massacre swept across the Plains, prompting raids by the Arapaho and Cheyenne
U.S. government created a peace commission to end the fighting

11. Little Bighorn
Government violated the 1874 Treaty of Fort Laramie by sending an army expedition into the Black Hills to search for gold
Gold was discovered and the U.S. government attempted to negotiate a new treaty with the Sioux
Sioux refused

12. Sitting Bull emerges as an important leader of Sioux resistance
Mocked American Indians who had willingly moved to reservations
Had a vision in which he saw soldiers and their horses upside down

13. Sitting Bull interpreted the vision to mean all the U. S
Sitting Bull interpreted the vision to mean all the U.S. soldiers would die
U.S. Indians fought U.S. soldiers at the Battle of the Rosebud and gained confidence they could fight the U.S. Army

14. General George Armstrong Custer orders an attack on a large Indian encampment along the Little Bighorn River
Divided his men to attack from three sides

15. The final attack lasted less than an hour, leaving Custer and every soldier in his battalion dead
Battle of Little Bighorn proved to be the last victory for the Sioux

16. The Ghost Dance Religious movement started by Wovoka, a Paiute Indian
Featured a dance designed to bring Indian ancestors back to life

17. Wovoka also claimed the Ghost Dance could bring about the return of buffalo herds and traditional ways of Indian life
Some Sioux wore “Ghost Shirts” they thought could stop bullets

18. When the Ghost Dance spread to Standing Rock Reservation, the military ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull, who had joined the movement
A skirmish broke out and 14 Indians, including Sitting Bull, were killed

19. Wounded Knee Sioux fled to the West after Sitting Bull’s death
Made camp along Wounded Knee Creek
Colonel James Forsyth surrounded the camp

20. Troops ordered the seizure of Indian rifles
Troops were reinforced with four Hotchkiss guns
Soldiers were not satisfied by the number of guns turned in

21. Soldiers began to search tepees
Shots rang out and troops began to fire with Hotchkiss guns
At least 150 Sioux and about 30 U.S. soldiers were killed

22. End of Resistance
Apache leader Geronimo fled U.S. troops in the New Mexico and Arizona territories with about 75 followers
Group raided settlements

23. Geronimo surrendered briefly in 1884 and accepted reservation life
Escaped with more than 130 followers and resumed raids in 1885

24. Geronimo surrendered when he was outnumbered on September 4, 1886
Sent with his followers to Florida as prisoners of war
Marked the end of armed resistance