Prof. Torkil Jønch-Clausen Director, DHI Water & Environment Chair, Danish water Forum “Water reform and access to water for the rural poor” September 2006 “The global context – the role of water reform in achieving the Millennium Development Goals”

The Millennium Development Goals

The 8 Millennium Development Goals 1.Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger* 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability* 8. Develop a global partnership for development

MDG 1: the targets Goal 1:Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1: halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people whose income is less than 1 $ per day Target 2: halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Note: Same people suffering both – same target group for most MDG’s!

MDG 7: the targets Goal 7:Ensure environmental sustainability Target 9: integrate the principles of sustainable development inot country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources Target 10: halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation (the ”water target”) Target 11: have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

The 8 Millennium Development Goals: What will they achieve by 2015? 500 mill people out of extreme poverty 300 mill people no longer suffering from hunger Dramatic progress on child health: 30 mill children saved 2 mill mothers saved 350 mill people fewer without safe drinking water 650 mill people fewer without benefits of sanitation Etc. etc.

The “water” target

The Millennium Development Goals: The “water target” (MDG 7, target 10) “Halving proportion of people without access to safe drinking water supply and sanitation by 2015”: =>serving 230,000 people/day with water!! =>serving 430,000 people/day with sanitation

Existing Problems: Drinking Water

Existing Problems: Sanitation

Water as a Human Right UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights November 2002 “The human right to drinking water is fundamental for life and health. Sufficient and safe drinking water is a precondition for the realization of all human rights”

The environment-poverty link

The “Millennium Ecosystem Assessment”: Interactions Human well-being and poverty reduction Health Security Ecosystem services Provisioning Regulating Cultural Supporting Direct drivers Land use Species introduction Climate Indirect drivers Demography Economic Sociopolitical

The water-poverty-hunger link

Pressure on water: Global trends

Water and the poverty goal Water as a production factor for the poor Water infrastructure as development catalyst Reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts Reduced ecosystem degradation - better livelihoods Reduced water related diseases - deaths!

Water and the hunger goal Grain production from irrigation Water for subsistence agriculture, gardens, livestock and tree crops Water for fisheries and other foods Reduced urban hunger due to cheaper food prices Better nutritional status for healthy people

Water and the hunger goal (IWMI/SEI 2005) 50% increase in water use for food production by from 4500 cukm/yr to 6700 cukm/yr! Total 2200 Rainfed 1950 Irrigation 250 New land 600 Ex. land 1000 Savings 350

Water and the hunger goal - implications of these estimates Strong focus on rainfed agriculture Strong focus on smallholders Increasing challenge in trade-off between water for food production and water for ecosystems (environmental flows) Need for IWRM approaches!

The WSSD target on IWRM

The WSSD (Johannesburg) target “Develop integrated water resources management and water efficiency plans by 2005, with support to developing countries”

IWRM – why and what?

Managing water to achieve societal goals Structure Economic Efficiency Equity Environmental Sustainability Management Instruments  Assessment  Information  Allocation Instruments Enabling Environment  Policies  Legislation Institutional Framework  Central - Local  River Basin  Public - Private Balance “water for livelihood” and “water as a resource”

Addressing the delicate balance!

Managing competing uses: Water for people Water for food Water for nature Water for other uses Cross-sectoral integration Enabling environment Institutions Management tools

Integrating across levels National Basin Local

Why such IWRM plans at WSSD? Two good reasons: Instrument to mainstream water in national economy and development in all sectors Instrument to help achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG´s) by 2015: on poverty, hunger, health and environment

Meeting the WWSD target - how?

A coherent approach to change Enabling environment Institutional roles Management instruments Strategy

The IWRM planning cycle COMMITMENT TO REFORMESTABLISH STATUS PREPARE STRATEGY ANALYSE GAPS IMPLEMENT FRAMEWORKS MONITOR PROGRESS CCCOMMITMENT TO ACTIONS

The outcome: National frameworks for water development, management and service provision …. Framework for water governance Framework for water infrastructure development Framework for water and sanitation service delivery Framework for water efficiency improvements Essential frameworks for addressing water and poverty!

Linking to other strategies and plans, such as … –National strategies to meet Millennium Development Goals –Country poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) –National Five Year Plans or Sustainable Development Strategies –National Plans on women’s development and empowerment –Etc. etc.

Meeting the WWSD target - the status

Global status as reported to WWF Mexico, March 2006 Total World figures : Good progress:25% Some steps:50% Initial stage:25% Next assessment: CSD 2008

The Danish commitment… 15 mill. DKK allocated in Danish budget 2005 to support countries on their road toward the WSSD target: Support to 10 sub-regions, some 60 countries Roadmaps for developing IWRM plans Experience/good practice exchange at regional level Capacity building Ongoing program - executed through UNEP (UCC- Water at DHI), in close cooperation with the Global Water Partnership and other international/UN organisations

Asia Southeast Asia (all 7 target countries) Central Asia (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic) Africa Southern Africa (Lesotho, Angola) West Africa (Togo, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Gambia) Central Africa (RDC, Rwanda, Eq. Guinea) North Africa (focus countries t.b.d.) Latin America South America – the “Cone” South America – the Andean sub-region Central America (Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemla) Caribbean (focus countries t.b.d.) Sub-regions - and selected focus countries

The “roadmaps” and IWRM “Plan” Vision Assessment Policy Strategy IWRM Plan ”Roadmap” The process: - from Vision to IWRM ”Plan”

The further Danish commitment… A joint Danida-UN/Water high level conference in Copenhagen in January 2007: –Moving from national roadmaps and plans to implementation of IWRM –International agreement on a ”roadmap for IWRM implementation” towards and continued effort to support countries in IWRM implementation as a contribution to MDG achievement

Conclusion

The governance-water-poverty link Poverty Governance - incl. IWRM Natural resource base Water Service delivery system Empowerment Rights

Thank you!