26.2 The Cold War Heats Up Lesson Objective: To understand how Communist Governments seized control in China and Korea Essential Questions: Why did communism spread to these nations?

Key Terms Mao Zedong Chiang Kai-shek Taiwan 38 th Parallel Korean War

Key Dates May 1949 – Mao Zedong is victorious in Chinese Civil War June 25, North Korea invades South Korea June 27, U.N. adopts American resolution to aid South Korea September 15, Battle of Inchon November 25, Chinese forces enter the war January 4, Seoul falls for second time April 11, MacArthur is fired July Armistice is signed

Chinese Civil War Civil War between the communists and the nationalists Communist – Mao Zedong in North Nationalist – Chiang Kai-shek in South Stopped war in 1937 to fight Japanese War resumed in 1946 By 1950 Communist forces had effectively taken over country Chiang Kai-shek’s government fled to Taiwan

Why did the Nationalists lose?Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek Dependent on US Corrupt Oppressive Weak military leadership Could not win support of the peasants Mao Zedong Dependent on USSR Effective propaganda Peasants supported Land reform/ distribution Experienced guerilla fighters

Korean War Soviets and U.S. split Korea at 38 th Parallel South Korea Capitol- Seoul Leader- Syngman Rhee North Korea Capitol - Pyongyang Leader – Kim Il Sung Both claimed to rule the entirety of Korea North Korea invades UN intervenes- By August North Korean Forces had surrounded the UN forces around Pusan

The United States in Korea September 15, 1950 MacArthur launches surprise invasion at Inchon Half of N. Korean Army is trapped and surrendered Rest retreat back into North Korea U.N. passes new resolution authorizing forces to move into North Korea China warns U.N. forces not to cross 38 th parallel Nov 25- Chinese forces move across Yalu river and attack American forces By Jan 1951 forces were stalemated near the Korean border MacArthur recommends attacking China and the use of nuclear weapons- would this have been wise? “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy.” -Omar N. Bradley

MacArthur vs Truman and the end of the War Truman and MacArthur had a very public feud over the course of the war MacArthur went to the Press and Republican leaders April 11, Truman finally relieves MacArthur of command MacArthur was considered hero when he returned to U.S. In June 1951 peace talks started Two years later armistice signed Left things the same as when the war started- status quo Think, Write, Pair, Share: What was the most important result of the Korean War? Korea proved 1.Wars could be limited 2.Nuclear weapons did not have to be used

Quiz Chiang Kai-Shek 2.Mao Zedong 3.Syngman Rhee 4.Kim Il Sung 5.38 th parallel a)Line that divided North and South Korea b)Leader of North Korea c)Leader of Communist China d)Leader of South Korea e)Leader of nationalist China f)South Korean general g)U.N. Secretary General