1. WARM UP – December 13
Using your notes from yesterday - Answer the following questions on a post it:
How are the ideologies of Capitalism and Communism different?
How was Germany divided?
What was the purpose of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Warsaw Pacts?
What was the U.S. Strategy in regards to how to handle the spread of Communism?

2. THE KOREAN WAR

3. China: Nationalists vs. Communists
Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalist (almost totalitarian) leader of China
Favored in southern and eastern China
Supported by US
$3B in US aid
Some American officials viewed Chiang as inefficient and corrupt
Mao Zedong – head of Communist Party and Red Army
Favored in northern china
Relied on USSR aid
Attracted peasants through promising land reform, literacy education, and more food production
By 1945, much of northern China under communist control

4. Civil War in China
After WWII (Japan no longer a threat), Nationalists and Communists no longer cooperate
, US supported Nationalists ($, not troops)
May 1949 – Chiang and supporters fled to Taiwan
“Formosa” to Westerners
Communists established People’s Republic of China (PRD)  US refused to recognize gov’t

5. Korea 1910 – Japan annexed Korea August 1945
Japanese north of 38th parallel surrendered to USSR
Japanese south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US
Post-war Korea was divided in half along the 38th parallel (like Germany)

6. Korea North of 38th Parallel South of 38th Parallel Soviet control
Communist
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Kim Il Sung
Capital - Pyongyang
American control
Democratic
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Syngman Rhee
Capital - Seoul
June 1949 – only 500 American troops in South Korea
Soviets believed US would not fight to defend South Korea
Soviets backed North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money to take over entire peninsula

7. The Korean War June 25, 1950 – NK launched surprise attack on SK
Korean War , conflict between NK and SK, US and UN nations supported SK, China supported NK
South Korea petitioned the UN for help  vote passed to help SK
USSR not present due to their UN boycott – angry due to UN acknowledgment of Chinese Nationalists in Taiwan
Soviets could not veto UN’s resolution

8. The Korean War June 27, 1950 US troops in Japan reported to SK
16 nations (including US) sent 520,000 troops + 590,000 SK troops
SK All troops under command of General Douglas MacArthur (WWII hero)

9. MacArthur vs. Truman McArthur – WAR WITH CHINA!
Wants to prevent Chinese support of North Korea
Spoke with newspaper and magazine publishers… even Republican leaders
Truman – ABSOLUTELY NOT!
Despite warnings from superiors, McArthur continued to undermine and criticize Truman  April 11, 1951 – Truman fired MacArthur
Initially, most Americans shocked, supported MacArthur (WWII hero!)
After a while, public opinion swayed and Americans realized Truman’s case for limiting the war was a logical and smart move.

10. Truce
Long, bloody stalemate  June 23, 1951 – USSR suggested a cease-fire, truce talks followed
Location of the cease-fire line to be at the existing battle line
Establishment of a demilitarized zone (area without military activities) between NK and SK
Agreement did not fully please Truman
Korea still two separate nations (US = )
Communism contained without using atomic weapons (US = )

11. Post-Korean War Korean War Impact 54,000 US lives lost $67B
Increased fear of domestic communist aggression and influence
High cost and low reward result of Korean War turned many Americans away from the Democratic Party