CHAPTER 3 STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS- definite shape and volume LIQUIDS- definite volume but no definite shape. Takes the shape of the container GASSES- takes the shape and volume of the container----ex balloon depends on whether the volumes and shapes are definite or variable Plasma Bose Einstein condensate

Kinetic Theory mid 1800’s—all particles of matter are in constant motion Kinetic energy is energy of motion

Behavior of gasses Particles moving quickly and colliding with each other. The collisions result in kinetic energy being produced. These collisions will take place only inside the container where they are located Ex. Air in a tire

Kinetic Theory applied to gas has 3 points Particles in a gas are in constant random motion The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles collide Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Behavior of Liquids Particles more closely packed than a gas Attraction of particles affect movement A liquid takes the shape of its container because the particles can flow to a new location

Behavior of solids Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations Pg 74 questions 1-6

PRESSURE The result of force distributed over an area FORCE Measured in newtons ( N) Area is measured in square meters Collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause the PRESSURE in a closed container of gas

The more frequent the collisions the greater the pressure the gas has Speed and mass affect pressure FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRESSURE Temperature- higher the temperature the higher the pressure. If the volume and number of particles is constant The temperature rise makes the particles increase in collisions and move faster They hit the walls with greater force ex. Tire pressure

VOLUME As volume decreases particles of trapped air collide more often with the walls of the container Decrease the volume of gas, increased pressure if the temp and the number of particles are constant Ex. Lungs (inhale) increase volume up pressure down (exhale) volume down pressure up

NUMBER OF PARTICLES Increase in the number of particles increases pressure of a gas if temperature and volume are constant Ex. Balloon bursting Page 81 questions 1-5

PHASE CHANGES Melting Freezing Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition Change from one state of matter to another

The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change ENERGY AND PHASE CHANGES Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change. Usually in the form of heat energy Ice forms>energy released Ice melts> energy absorbed

Melting - absorb Freezing - release Vaporization – absorb Condensation- release Evaporation-absorb Endothermic>absorb heat Exothermic>release heat

BOILING----- molecules move faster and faster and break away from each other Condensation---gas or vapor to liquid Sublimation—endothermic directly from a solid to a gas w/o changing into a liquid

Deposition---exothermic gas or vapor into a solid ex. Frost on windows Page 91 questions 1-6 Review page 95 questions 1-14, 22, 26