1. Matter and Composition

2. What is matter?  MATTER is anything which has mass and occupies space.  Matter is all things that we can see, feel, and smell in our daily living.

3. Kinetic Theory of Matter:  Molecules are always moving. This is known as the kinetic theory of matter.  Molecules move due to a temperature increase or decrease  We measure this kinetic energy with a thermometer as temperature.  The greater the material‘s kinetic internal energy, the higher the temperature of that material. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature =endscreen&NR=1&v=s-KvoVzukHo

4. Temperature vs. Heat  Heat is the energy flow between objects of different temperature.  Heat and temperature are NOT the same.  Temperature is a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

5. Temperature vs. Heat (continued)  Heat is a measurement of the total energy in a substance. That total energy is made up of not only of the kinetic energies of the molecules of the substance, but total energy is also made up of the potential energies of the molecules.

6. Phases of Matter: Solid matter that has definite volume and shape. molecules are packed together tightly and move slowly. Liquid matter that has definite volume but not shape. molecules of a liquid are loosely packed and move with greater speed, a liquid can flow and spread. Gas matter that has no definite volume or shape. Molecules of a gas are so loosely arranged and move so rapidly that they will fill their container. Plasma (similar to a gas) No definite volume or shape. Very loosely arranged, reacts to electromagnetism, usually has higher temperatures than other gases, most abundant phase of matter in the universe.

7. Solids particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume incompressible

8. Liquids particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume Virtually incompressible

9. Gases particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume Easily compressed Vapor = gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

10. Plasma particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes

12. Phase Change Descriptions:  Melting the change from solid to liquid.  Freezing the change from liquid to solid.  Vaporization the change from liquid to gas.  Evaporation vaporization from the surface of a liquid.  Boiling vaporization from within as well as from the surface of a liquid.  Condensation the change from gas to liquid.  Sublimation the change from solid to gas.  Deposition the change from gas to solid.

14. Phase Change Diagram