1. The 3 States of Matter

2. Kinetic Theory: Concepts for “States” of Matter
All atoms and molecules are always in Motion
Molecules in solids, liquids and gases vibrate differently

3. Solids Particle Arrangement: tightly fixed in one position
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Two Types:
Crystalline - Crystal Shaped
Amorphous - No Regular Pattern

4. Liquids “Fluid” means to flow freely
Particle Arrangement: “somewhat” fixed, but move more freely
No Definite Shape, take shape of container
Definite Volume
Unique Property:
Viscosity- A liquids resistance to flow
Ex. Syrup is highly viscous

5. Gases Particle Arrangement: movement is entirely Free
No Definite Shape
No Definite Volume
*Gases particles fill all of the space available,
thus have the same volume as the
container they fill

6. Gases
Gas Particles constantly collide with one another and are always “pushing” on the sides of the container in which they fill
Pressure is the force of the outward “Push” divided by the area of the container
P = Force
Area

7. Images of the 3 States of Matter
Particle Arrangement

8. What is a Phase Change? A change from one state of matter to another
(solid → liquid → gas)
Only movement of molecules changes
The # of molecules stays the same
Mass remains the same
Phase changes are physical changes (reversible)

9. Kinetic Theory: Concepts for Phase Change
Temperature: measure of average energy, the random motion, of particles in matter
Kinetic Theory: Concepts for Phase Change
Heat is Energy
Higher Temps = more energy = Increased Speed
Lower Temps = less energy = Decreased Speed

11. Melting solid to a liquid
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy

12. Freezing liquid to a solid
Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.

13. Vaporization (Boiling)
liquid to gas. It occurs at the boiling point of matter.
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.

14. Evaporation
liquid to a gas only on the surface of a liquid (no heat needed)
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.

15. Condensation gas to a liquid.
Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.

16. Sublimation solid to a gas.
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.

17. Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.
Freezing Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid