2. STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States Four States Solid Solid Liquid Liquid Gas Gas Plasma Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

5. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

6. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an variable shape and a definite volume. Heat

7. STATES OF MATTER GAS  Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have a variable shape and a variable volume. Heat

8. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

9. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

10. But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

11. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

12. STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

13. Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

14. 2. Lightning

15. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

16. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

18. COLD PLASMA

19. Explaining the Behavior of Gases Compare the motion of gas to the movement of the billiard balls in a game of pool –When a cue strikes the ball, the ball moves in a straight line until it strikes another ball. –When a moving ball strikes a ball at rest, the first ball slows down and the second ball begins to move –Kinetic Energy is Transferred!!

20. Kinetic Theory of Gases The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size –Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion –The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless they collide –Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored

21. Explaining the Behavior of Liquids A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together. Exp. Students moving through a crowded hallway

22. Explaining the Behavior of Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because particles vibrate around fixed locations

23. Summary Question: Explain the kinetic energy (motion of particles) in each state of matter in your own words in your guided notes!!