The Progressive Era Muckrakers Industrial Economy Social Problems Unions

Spirit of Progressivism (p.656-7) 1) Populist Roots: but more urban, educated 2) Problems: big business, labor, social welfare, city. Not anti-capitalism 3) Evil lured underneath American life expose the evil, and reform will follow 4) Good people & good laws will reform U.S. 5) Protestant, small town upbringing 6) “Creative Nostalgia,” conservative 7) Unique: a reform movement during prosperous times

Muckrakers: From Yellow Journalism: reporter clout From Yellow Journalism: reporter clout Objective press: not political party papers Objective press: not political party papers Expose Evil: big business, politics, drugs, food, consumers, insurance, prostitution Expose Evil: big business, politics, drugs, food, consumers, insurance, prostitution Samuel McClure Samuel McClure Ida Tarbell: expose on Standard Oil Ida Tarbell: expose on Standard Oil –Led to break up of Standard Oil Upton Sinclair: The Jungle Upton Sinclair: The Jungle –Led to Food & Drug Administration

Industrial Economy: Prosperity: more inventions, incomes Prosperity: more inventions, incomes –Rise, farm prices rise, middle class grows. Henry Ford & the Model T (Photo) Henry Ford & the Model T (Photo) –Assembly line, cheap cars for the masses –Car industry huge impact, roads Consolidation: Oligopolies Consolidation: Oligopolies White collar class grows, changes White collar class grows, changes –Middle class culture Frederick Taylor: scientific management Frederick Taylor: scientific management Factory Work Factory Work

Henry Ford

Assembly Line: 1 car 93 min.

Model T: $850, 15 million sold

Women & Child Labor One Third young women worked One Third young women worked Clerical jobs, discouraged from professions Clerical jobs, discouraged from professions Florence Kelly: Child Labor Florence Kelly: Child Labor Margaret Singer: Birth Control Margaret Singer: Birth Control Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (photo) Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (photo)

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: 1911

African Americans Jim Crow Laws, 8/10 blacks rural farmers Jim Crow Laws, 8/10 blacks rural farmers Lynching: about 1000 lynched Lynching: about 1000 lynched W.E.B. Du Bois W.E.B. Du Bois Niagra Movement: help voting rights, Niagra Movement: help voting rights, –Fight Jim Crow laws, legal inequality, poverty NAACP 1910: legal advocates for blacks NAACP 1910: legal advocates for blacks Crisis: Du Bois’ magazine for the NAACP Crisis: Du Bois’ magazine for the NAACP

Waco 1916

Oklahoma 1916

Florida 1935

Unions Grow 1900 about 1 million union members 1900 about 1 million union members 1920 about 5 million, or 13% of workers 1920 about 5 million, or 13% of workers American Federation of Workers (AFL) Samuel Gompers, skilled workers, 1.7m American Federation of Workers (AFL) Samuel Gompers, skilled workers, 1.7m Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Bill “Big Bill” Haywood, more radical, Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Bill “Big Bill” Haywood, more radical, –All workers, foreigners, women and blacks

Leisure & Entertainment Young pop., more time and money Young pop., more time and money Movies: 10 million per week Movies: 10 million per week Birth of a Nation: D.W. Griffith Birth of a Nation: D.W. Griffith Music: Records, Ragtime, Jazz, Dances Music: Records, Ragtime, Jazz, Dances Baseball, College Football, Boxing Baseball, College Football, Boxing Vaudeville (photos) Vaudeville (photos)

Vaudeville theatre

Ziegfeld’s Follies