Plant Evolution.

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Presentation transcript:

Plant Evolution

Plant Evolution Evolved from green algae (450 mya) Both have chlorophyll, store energy as starch, DNA similarities Green algae ancestor Multicellular body Cells w/ channels to communicate Reproduce w/ sperm & egg Early plants Low growth (nonvascular)

Land Adaptations Challenge: Retain Moisture cuticle Challenge: Retain Moisture Early plants grew near waters edge Solutions Cuticle: waxy coating Stomata: pores to allow gas exchange

Land Adaptations Challenge: Transporting Resources glucose water Challenge: Transporting Resources Solution: Vascular system: tissue to transport nutrients Up from the roots (ex: water) Down from the leaves (ex: sugars) Allows taller growth

Land Adaptations Challenge: Growing upright mortar lignin Challenge: Growing upright Large plants need to support own weight Solution Lignin: hardens cell wall; gives wood strength

Land Adaptations Challenge: Reproduction on land Solutions Pollen: carried by wind/animals Seeds: hard coat protects embryo inside

Alternation of Generations Plants alternate between a diploid organism and a haploid organism Sporophyte (diploid) Zygote created Zygote grows into adult sporophyte Sporophyte makes spores by meiosis Gametophyte (Haploid) Spore grows into a gametophyte Male gametophyte creates sperm Female gametophyte creates egg Sporophyte restarts when egg and sperm make zygote X X X X X

Plant Ecology Mutualistic relationships Herbivore interactions Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit Ex: Plants (provides living space)/Bacteria (create nutrients) Ex: Plants (provide food)/Animal (help pollinate) Herbivore interactions Defense adaptations Spines, thorns, chemicals

REview What traits do plants and plant-like protista (algae) share? Name 4 adaptations that plants have for life on land. Which plant adaptation allows them to carry nutrients to great heights? Which plant adaptation allows them to retain moisture? What is the purpose of lignin? Explain a symbiotic relationship between plants and other organisms? How do plants protect themselves from predators?