Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral.

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Presentation transcript:

Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral cortex Substantia Nigra (Dopamine) Output through the globus pallidus to Thalamus to the motor cortex Brain stem Striatum

Basal Ganglia Parkinson’s Disease : Degeneration of DA neurons in Substantia Nigra  Basal Ganglia. Slow movement Difficulty producing movement Tremor Treatment: L-DOPA Neurosurgery Neurostimulation

Parkinson’sNormal

Basal Ganglia Part of the motor system: control of voluntary movement Caudate Nucleus Putamen GP: Globus Pallidus Input to caudate and putamen from: Cerebral cortex SN: Substantia Nigra (Dopamine) Output through the globus pallidus to Thalamus to the motor cortex Brain stem Striatum

motor

Hypothalamus Homeosthasis Controls the hormonal system (autonomic nervous system) Four F’s: Feeding; Fighting; Fleeting; Mating טמפרטורה לחץ דם מטבוליזם מחזור יום-לילה מחזור חודשי

Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla

Midbrain Tectum (Dorsal) Tegmentum (Ventral)

Midbrain Tectum (Dorsal) Tegmentum (Ventral) Tectum (Dorsal): Superior Colliculus (visual sys) Inferior Colliculus (auditory sys)

Auditory pathway

Tegmentum

Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla

Brain Stem Pons: Reticular formation: arousal/sleep Cranial nerves Fibers to cerebellum Medulla: Respiration Cardiovascular system

Cerebellum part of the motor system Balance Movement timing Coordination

Brain Stem  spinal cord Midbrain Pons Medulla

Spinal Cord Grey matter (butterfly) = cell bodies White matter – ascending and descending tracts

Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon  Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain (in the skull)  Spinal Cord (in the spine)  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  Located outside of the skull and spine  Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS

Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Nerves – body (spinal cord) Cranial Nerves – head & neck (brain)

Spinal Nerves Body reflexes

Unipolar neuron – soma in the dorsal root ganglion Multipolar neuron – soma in the spinal cord Spinal Nerves Dorsal: Sensory input AFFERENT Ventral: Motor output EFFERENT

Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon Cranial Nerves Head and Neck

Cranial Nerves Head and Neck

Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Peripheral Nervous system Input to and output from CNS

Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous Sys – skeletal muscles – voluntary – soma of motor neuron in CNS Autonomic Nervous Sys – smooth muscles – Involuntary – soma of motor neuron in PNS (ganglion)

Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic (crisis) "fight or flight” Thoracic & lumbar Parasympathetic “rest & digest" Cranial and Sacral

Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon  Central Nervous System (CNS)  Brain (in the skull)  Spinal Cord (in the spine)  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  Located outside of the skull and spine  Serves to bring information into the CNS and carry signals out of the CNS

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