 America found its independence from Britain in the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution  America was a predominantly Protestant country  Spurred on by America, the French began their own revolution in 1789 shaking the aristocracy of Europe after the fall of King Louie XVI and Marie Antoinette  Briton George Stephenson invents the first steam locomotive, which will be used instead of horses and mules to haul coal

 Blue laws get their name in New Haven, Connecticut, when a town ordinance printed on blue paper prohibits work on Sunday  In 1798, a French army captain discovers the Rosetta Stone.  Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the electric battery, providing the first source of a continuous circuit.  French physicist Andre Marie Ampere discovers the basic workings of electric currents.  John Chapman, better known as Jonny Appleseed, begins scattering religious tracts and apple seeds in pioneer communities throughout the American Midwest.

 Opera house was critical  Reached widest audiences  Each scene was a developed, closed musical unit  A full development and exploration of voice parts took center stage  String Quartets were developed and gained popularity  Composers like Hayden and Mozart built friendships and influenced each others work

 Joseph Hayden: focused on string and quartets, religious and secular music  Most popular works: 14 Masses, The Creatoin ( ), Surprise G Major  Lived in poverty for years until Vienna aristocracy took notice of his compositions  He and Mozart were very close friends

 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: was a composer by age 5  The epitome of a child prodigy  He composed over 40 symphonies, and also favored opera  Wrote his first opera at the age of 13  Died at age 35 trying to finish Requiem for his own death

 Ludwig van Beethovan was crucial in the transition from Baroque to Classical music  Most well known for his symphonies, but his 5 concerto for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets along with chamber and coral music aren’t far behind in popularity

 Revival of Greek inspired art  A clash of Romantic art and Greek classics  Dramatic, at times very bold  Sketches of simple lines Jacques-Louis David, the death of Socrates, 1787

 Most known for his depiction of “Coronation of Napoleon”  Used bright colors  Favored paintings of Greeks and Romans

 Last great painting “Mars desarm par Venus”

 Austrian female painter  Was known for her “history paintings”  Married twice, her popularity as an artists dwindled with her marriage  Loved to depict Shakespeare scenes Self Portrait

Miranda and Ferdinand in The Tempest, 1782 El juicio de Paris

 Extremely influenced by classic sculpture  Modeled after artists like DaVinci  Used subjects like Cupid, Psyche and Venus Cupid and Psyche

TheseusThe Three Graces

 Born in Germany, grew up in Munich  Most known for his busts  Influenced and taught by uncle Phillip Jakob Straub One of Messerschmidt’s “Character” Heads

Yawning Emotions III

 Rococo or late Baroque influenced the architecture and decorating  Neo-classicism quickly took the place of Rococo architecture  Extreme attention to detail  Again had Greek/Roman influence seen in columns and design London- designed by Robert Adam in 1777

 Scottish man  Born  He was an artists, decorator and architect  Commissioned for Catherine the Great of Russia where his greatest designs were created

Model town Sophia build for Catherine of Russia Agate Pavilion, east side. Also showing the Ground Floor, where the Baths were situated, and part of the Vaulted Ramp.

 Took great interest in English architecture  Designed his home in Virginia Monticello  Designed University of Virginia  Also a US President, and slave holder

University of VirginiaMonticello