1. Music History: Classical

2. Important Figures/Events
American Revolution
French Revolution
Steam Power Engine and Steamboat Invented
Electricity invented
First Vaccination
Napoleon
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin

3. Characteristics Emphasis on beauty rather than emotion
Reflected Greek style
New style was “cleaner”
Clearer division between parts
Brighter contrast and colors
Also, reflects the natural order - Newton

4. Popular opinion
Instrumental music increases because the wealth prefer it and they are the ones paying the bills
Comedic operas become more popular with the public

5. Musical Changes
Baroque put focus on single melody line; classical takes it and starts to notate dynamics and phrasing
Shorter melodies, too
Concerto – concerto grosso fades away; concerto solo becomes more popular
Concerto and sonata forms more defined
Orchestra increases in size
Creation of the SYMPHONY!!
Pianoforte invented – Harpsichord falls out of use

6. Symphony Begin to see something close to a modern day orchestra
More strings
Combine with brass and woodwinds
Usually 4 movements
Opening – Allegro
Slow
Minuet or Scherzo
Allegro or Rondo

7. (Franz) Joseph Hadyn March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809
Friend of Mozart, teacher of Beethoven
“Father of the Symphony”
“Father of the String Quartet”
Produced 340 hours of music,
More than Bach, Handel, Mozart, or Beethoven
Piece to know: Symphony No. 4 (The “Surprise” Symphony)
Also well known: His Trumpet Concerto
Lived long enough to reap the benefits
Music was the most popular across Europe before he died

8. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
January 27,
Last of 7 children (5 of which did not survive early childhood)
Lived in Vienna, Austria most of his life
Began composing music when he was 5
Hired as a court musician when he was 17
His father was composers a head of a orchestra, more so, he was a better teacher
Wrote almost everything: operas, symphonies, chamber works, violin concertos, masses, etc.
Mozart Famous Pieces
Eine Klein Nachmusik
Symphony No. 40
Ronda alla Turca
Piano Sonata No. 16
The Mirrage of Figaro (Opera)

9. Beethoven December 17, 1770 – March 26, 1827 Taught by his father
Played viola
Accomplished pianist
Deaf
would yell at musician for playing poorly
Most well known:
Symphony No. 9 (Ode to Joy)
Symphony No. 7
Turkish March
Sympony No. 3 – “Eroica Symphony”
Fur Elise
Moonlight Sonata
Symphony No. 5