1. NEO-CLASSICISM 1720-1827

2.  Neo-Classicism is called the ”Classical” style in music.  A rejection of excesses, the monarchy and ornamentation of Baroque.  A return to order, reason and clarity in art work.  Wanted to instill democratic ideas in the government. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEO-CLASSICISM

3.  In Europe Classical ballet was still the theatrical dance of the aristocrats (wealthy)  American settlers brought dances from their homeland.  jigs, clogs and court dances like the minuet.  Our founding fathers entertained in the New Republic with fancy balls that included:  quadrilles, cotillions, reels and jigs.quadrillesreels DANCE - NEO-CLASSICISM

4.  Started in France in the mid 1600s.  The plot structure was important.  Ideas came from Ancient play scripts.  By 1600 most parts of Europe, used ancient ideas for theatre.  The “Three Unities” Theory:  unity of time  (24hrs)  unity of place  (1 place)  unity of action  (1 plot) DRAMA/THEATRE - NEO-CLASSICISM

5.  Comic techniques to show foolish behavior of human beings.  French playwright Moliere (1622-1673)  Moliere’s plays are influenced by the physical comedy tradition of Commedia.  Use of “stock” characters  Foolish man, old servant, dumb blonde  Examples:  Tartuffe  The Doctor in Spite of Himself SATIRE

6.  Jonathan Swift (1667-17450 Jonathan Swift (1667-17450  Born in Ireland  known for his satirical writings  Gulliver’s Travels  A man who travels to other societies and learns about different cultures  Satire on English Govt.  A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal  The overpopulation of poor children in Ireland.  Swift suggests eating the children LITERATURE

7.  The development of the symphony.  Music had to appeal to the upper and middle classes  Melodies-simple and easier for the less-educated audience to understand. MUSIC - CLASSICAL

8.  Written for an orchestra.  Instruments-woodwinds, brass, tympani drums  There are four movements:  Movement One - fast tempo (sonata-allegro)  Exposition-2 themes  Development-changes  Recapitulation-beginning themes  Movement Two: slower in tempo with melody.  Movement Three: is a minuet.  The minuet was a popular danceminuet  Movement Four: faster tempo and concludes the piece.  A complete symphony (30 minutes) SYMPHONIES

9.  Born in Austria  Wrote secular (non-religious) music.  Wrote 104 symphonies  “Farewell” Symphony, players leave the stage  “Surprise” Symphony, sudden loud chords (wake people up)  London Symphony Menuetto: Allegretto. London Symphony Menuetto: Allegretto.  Sounds represent landmarks in London, England. JOSEPH HAYDN JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)

10.  Born in Austria.  Musical genius.  Started composing age 4  symphonies by age 7  operas by age 11.  Mozart reflected the ideas and philosophies of the Enlightenment  The Marriage of Figaro (opera), the servants are the heroes, reflect the growing influence in society of the middle class. The Marriage of Figaro  Simple melodies would reflect the hope of the human spirit.  Piano Concerto no. 22 in E-flat, Third Movement. Piano Concerto no. 22 in E-flat, Third Movement WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791)

11.  Born in Germany,  Was deaf  His fiery personality and troubled childhood were reflected in his music.  Great sadness or great joy in music  He wanted people to feel joy or despair  His music was autobiographical.  Symphony no. 5, First Movement Symphony no. 5, First Movement LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)

12.  Rejection from Baroque style and the excesses of the monarchy  Influenced from the Renaissance and Classical Greece and Rome.  Concern for the middle class and ordinary life.  Subject matter on equality and ideals. (The Enlightenment)  Artists studied Classical sculptures and buildings.  Wanted to express their ideas on reason, democracy, and patriotism VISUAL ART-NEO-CLASSICAL

13.  Born in France  Lived through the French Revolution  Traveled to Rome and made sketches of Classical Greek and Roman sculptures.  Painted The Oath of the Horatii, the first Neoclassical painting  French Rev propaganda French Rev  Propaganda- influence someone’s opinion  The Death of Marat and The Death of Socrates were propaganda. JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825)

14. THE OATH OF THE HORATII, 1784

15. THE DEATH OF MARAT, 1793

16. NAPOLEON IN HIS STUDY, 1812

17.  Jefferson was a “Renaissance man.”-politics farmer, inventor, and an architect.  Public buildings should reflect the ideals of our nation; democracy.  Admired the Renaissance, Classical Greek, and Roman architecture  Pediments, columns, domes  liked the Maison Carree, and used it as inspiration for the design of the Virginia State Capitol. THOMAS JEFFERSON- 3 RD PRESIDENT (1743-1826)

18. Maison Carree- Paris, France Virginia State Capitol JEFFERSON ARCHITECTURE

19. Pantheon- Rome, Italy University of Virginia Rotunda INSPIRED BY CLASSICAL ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

20. Villa Rotunda Vicenza, Italy Monticello, Virginia