Objective: To identify and understand the motives for exploring and the lasting effects that the nations of Europe had on the world. Essential Question: How have the nations of Europe changed the world following the Age of Exploration? The Age of Exploration
Background: 1450s- 1700s Nations of Europe explore world Sail the globe Map out oceans and landmasses Gain might and wealth- control territories they conquer Superior technology Conquered people exposed to disease Nations of Europe gain geographical, navigational & scientific knowledge Colonization helps European culture become dominant
Background Contd: Moral price to pay- at expense of native people Exploration/ Colonization went with war, greed, prejudice, religious tolerance, and slavery Many parts of the world remained under European control for 100s of years.
Europe’s “Backwardness” Prior to 1450 Why & How did the Europeans become the 1st to explore the world around them? For centuries less advanced than counterparts in the M.E. and China Middle Ages- manoralism, Black Death, poor classes 1400s – Limited understanding of world around them (Knew the Mediterranean, Baltic and North Seas) Africa, M.E. Russia and Atlantic still largely unknown
Economic Motives: Primary motivation = economic During Middle Ages know of wealth of Far East Mediterranean trade Crusades Marco Polo *** All give Euro. Ideas of China, Indies and Jpn. -Thirst for silk, spices, fruit, jewels, slaves and metals
New Technology: Use loadstone from Chinese to make compasses Better knowledge of stars (Arabs) Better navigational tools (astrolabe a& sextant) Improved naval technology (bigger ships, longer heels) Gunpowder & Artillery
The 1st Wave of Exploration: Spain & Portugal: Spain and Portugal had knowledge of Mediterranean (wars with Ottomans) Portugal head around tip of Africa & sail around India Spain looks for route to China by sailing west -Discover Americas & Pacific By 1520 sail around the globe for the 1st time
Prince Henry The Navigator: Portugal begins Exp. w/ Prince Henry Attempt to find sea route to India & bypass trades of the Middle East Claim islands in Atlantic, coastal areas of W. Africa 1400 Bartolomeu Diaz – reaches southern tip names it Cape of Good Hope
Spain: Christopher Columbus & The New World: Spain wants to find own route to Asia 1492 Columbus voyage- sponsored by Ferdinand & Isabella Columbus sail west in order to reach China- Atlantic is small enough to do so? Leaves August lands in Caribbean on Oct. 12th 1492 Convinces he found the Indies- Sp. & Port. aware new lands Amerigo Vespucci formally maps Americas thus -name from him Line of Demarcation 1493 by Pope
Other Explorers: 1488 Portuguese Explorer Vasco de Gama reaches India 1513 Balboa discovers Panama- see both oceans – inspire Magellan 1520 Portuguese Cptn. Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain transverse Atlantic – goes around the globe The Conquistadors: Cortes- the Aztecs, Pizzaro- the Incas Ponce de Leon- Florida Spain & Portugal take land in West Africa, the Far East and the New World Spread of Roman Catholicism Roots of slavery- when natives in new world die turn to Africa
The Northern Wave of Exploration The English, French & Dutch 1500-1600 Use Spanish & Port. Knowledge of New World- rivalry Search for Northwest passage to China and India through the Arctic
Northern Wave Colonization & Exploration: English Dutch French John Cabot- Northwest Arctic passage Naval wars with Spanish Armada Sir Francis Drake Colonies from Carolinas to Canadian border Jamestown & Puritans South Asia India 1608 British East India Co 1520s Giovanni Verrazano Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence Canada animal furs Sam Champlain Great Lakes & Mississppi Joliet & Marquette Robert La Salle Louisiana Seize colonies from Portuguese Dutch East India Co. in Asia Indonesia- Sumatra, Java Henry Hudson 1624 New Amsterdam (Manhattan)
Links http://www.quia.com/quiz/264141.html Name that Explorer Quiz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScsguX-zqeM&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL44D6F0E327336860 Magellan BBC Special
Sources Google Images BBC