Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Picture Preview Write a short summary of the meaning of this picture as it applies to your reading assignment.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The medical model takes a “disease” view, while psychology sees psychological disorder as an interaction of biological, cognitive, social, and behavioral factors What is Psychological Disorder?

The Rosenberg Experiment Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Rosenberg tested his theory that terms such as sanity, insanity, schizophrenia, abnormal, and mental illness might be not as specific as was thought. A.Five men and three women, who were psychologically normal, were admitted to a hospital B. They complained that they heard voices that seemed to say “empty, hollow, thud.” They claimed no other symptoms C. All were admitted to 12 different hospitals D. All but one diagnosed as schizophrenic

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Psychopathology Pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation. Also leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals. Also known as… Mental illness Mental disorder Psychological disorder

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Three classic signs suggest severe psychological disorder Hallucinations False sensory experiences Delusions A persistent false belief Severe affective disturbances A disturbance in mood or feeling.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Distress Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality and undesirable behavior Other Indicators of Abnormality Other signs of a disorder are more subtle, and a diagnosis depends heavily on clinical judgment

Distress: Does the individual show unusual or prolonged levels of unease or anxiety. Maladaptiveness: Does the individual act in ways that makes others fearful or that interferes with their well- being. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Irrationality: Does the individual talk/act in ways that are irrational or incomprehensible to others. Unpredictability: Does the individual behave erratically at different times, as if experiencing a loss of control Unconventional and undesirable behavior: Does the individual behave in ways that violate social norms. Ex: Strolling naked in the mall as opposed to dying you hair green. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Two Contrasting Views of Psychological Disorder 1. The Medical Model 2. The Psychological Model Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

1. The Medical Model Mental disorders are diseases of the mind and can be treated like a disease. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

2. The Psychological Model Combines FOUR perspectives 1. Behaviorism 2. Cognitive Psychology 3. Social Learning 4. Biological Psychology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Historical roots of the changing concepts of psychological disorders Hippocrates: Four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile Middle Ages/Church Superstition takes over Hippocrates's theory Under influence of church, physicians and clergy resort to the old ways of explaining abnormal behavior in terms of demons and witchcraft (Spanish) Inquisition…unusual behavior the work of the devil..the cure: drive the demon out Salem Witchcraft 1692 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Changing Concepts of Psychological Disorder: The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Behavioral Perspective – Abnormal behaviors can be acquired through behavioral learning – operant and classical conditioning. Cognitive Perspective – Abnormal behaviors are influenced by mental processes – how people perceive themselves and their relations with others.

Social-Cognitive Behavioral Approach Alternative to the medical approach Views psychological disorders through combination of the social, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives. No longer do these traditions compete with each other. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Biopsychology of Mental Disorder Chemical imbalances in the brain..especially neurotransmitters. Effects of imbalances, genetics, injury, infection. Although most psychologists have reservations about the medical model, the do not deny the influence of biology on thought and behavior.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Picture Review Elaborate on your previous statement by linking it to disorders, therapies, and the Rosenberg Experiment