March 7, 2011 Homework  Vocabulary workbook p Quiz Friday!  Grammar text p ex. 3 and 4 Do Now  Grammar text p. 137 Exercises 2

The Phrase

What Is a Phrase? Phrase – a group of words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a subject and verb. Examples: –V–Verb Phrase: could have been hiding [NO Subject] –P–Prepositional Phrase: over the river [No Subject or Verb] –I–Infinitive Phrase: to go with them [No Subject or Verb]

Prepositional Phrases Prepositional Phrase – includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition. Examples: 1. The dish is filled with raw carrots and celery. Preposition- with OP- carrots/ celery

The Adjective Phrase AAdjective Phrase – a prepositional phrase that modifies (describe) a NOUN or PRONOUN. EX: Judy Blume is a talented author of children’s books. EX: Mr. Smith is the one on the left. Hint: Adjective phrases usually follow the word it modifies.

Adjective Phrases answer questions that adjectives answer What kind? What kind? The store with the neon sign is open. The store with the neon sign is open. Which one? Which one? I downloaded the song by Alicia Keys I downloaded the song by Alicia Keys How many? and How much? also How many? and How much? also

AAn adjective phrase may also modify the object in another adjective phrase: EExample: A majority of the mammals in the world sleep during the day. ○T○Two Prep Phrases 1- of the mammals- modifies majority 2- in the world- modifies mammals

March 8, 2011 Homework  Grammar text pages ex 7 and Review A  Vocabulary workbook page 128 Quiz Friday Do Now Journal Entry What does Lent mean to you? What are you doing this Lent season?

The Adverb Phrase AAdverb Phrase – a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. AAdverb phrases answer the same questions that single word adverb answers: When? Where? How? Why? How often? How long? To what extent? EX: The snow fell throughout the day.

Adverb Phrases: Hints Adverb phrases may appear anywhere in the sentence EX: At dusk, we went inside to eat dinner. We went inside at dusk to eat dinner. We went inside to eat dinner at dusk.

MMore than one adverb phrase may modify the same word: MMr. White drove for hours through the snow storm. BBoth adverb phrases ffor hours / through the snow storm modify the verb drove

March 7, 2012 Homework  Grammar text page ex 9 and 10  Vocabulary pg 129 Quiz will be on Friday!! Do Now  Grammar text page 141 exercise 6

Verbal VVerbal – a word that is formed from a verb but used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Types of Verbals: 1. Participle 2. Infinitive

Participle PParticiple – a verb form that can be used as an adjective. TThere are two kinds of participles: Present Participles Past Participles

Present participle Present Participle: a verb form that can be used as an adjective, end in –ing EX: Chasing the cat, the dog ran down the street. EX: Mr. Sanchez rescued three people from the burning building.

Past Participle PPast Participle – a verb form that can be used as an adjective, formed by adding – d or –ed. (some are formed irregularly) EX: The police officers searched the abandoned house. EX: We skated on the frozen pond.

March 10, 2011 HomeworkDo Now  Grammar pg 146 exercise 10  Vocabulary pg 130 Quiz Monday!!  IRT March 29 th “Oh Broom Get to Work” pg 383 “The Scholarship Jacket” pg 451  Bring Literature on Monday!  Grammar pg 134 and pg 141 exercise 6

The Participial Phrase Participial Phrase – consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.  S Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite bewildered. Seeing itself in the mirror

 Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite bewildered. Seeing itself in the mirror  After a while we heard the duck quacking noisily at its own image.  Quacking noisily at its own image  Then, disgusted with the other duck, it pecked the mirror.  Disgusted with the other duck

More Examples SStretching slowly, the cat jumped down from the windowsill. ((The Participial Phrase [stretching slowly] modifies cat.) TThe tornado predicted by the meteorologist did not hit our area. ((The whole phrase [predicted by the meteorologist]modifies tornado. )

March 8, 2012 Homework  Grammar Text page ex 12 and 13  Vocabulary Unit 11 you OWN definitions Quiz tomorrow Do Now Grammar pg 145 exercise 8. Set it up exactly the way exercise 9 is set up.

The Infinitive IInfinitive – a verb form that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Most infinitives begin with to. AAs a Noun: TTo succeed is my goal. TTo succeed=infinitive and is the subject AAs an Adjective: TThe place to meet tomorrow is the library. TTo meet= infinitive and it modifies the noun place AAs an Adverb: TTamara claims she was born to surf.  To surf =infinitive and it modifies the verb born

Be Careful DDon’t mistake prepositional phrases for infinitives: KKEY: to + noun/ pronoun= Prep Phrase to + verb= Infinitive EExample: II am going to the mall today. tto the mall = Prep Phrase II am going to shop for a new Snuggie. tto shop = infinitive

The Infinitive Phrase IInfinitive Phrase – consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements the infinitive has.(including prepositional phrases) The entire phrase may be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. EEx 1: To be a good gymnast takes hard work. TTo be a good gymnast=Infinitive phrase. It is used as a NOUN. to be has a complement, a good gymnast).

Examples of Infinitive Phrases EEx 1: To be a good gymnast takes hard work. TTo be a good gymnast=Infinitive phrase. It is used as a NOUN. to be has a complement, a good gymnast). EEx 2: The first person to fly over both the North Pole and the South Pole was Richard Byrd TTo fly over both the North Pole and the South Pole=Infinitive phrase. It is used as an adjective modifying person. EEx 3: Are you ready to go to the gym now? TTo go to the gym now= infinitive phrase. It is used as an adverb modifying the adjective ready. to go is modified by the prep. phrase to the gym and by the adverb now).

March 12, 2012 Homework Do Now  Spelling Unit 14 three times each  Grammar worksheet  Grammar pg154 #31-40

Phrase Summary 3 TYPES –P–Prepositional Phrases Adjective phrases- prep phrases that modify nouns/ pronouns Adverb Phrases- prep phrases that modify adjectives, verbs or other adverbs. –V–Verbal Phrase Participial- end in ing, d, or ed and act as adjectives –I–Infinitive Phrase Infinitive – to + verb form, acts as an adj, adv, or noun

March 13, 2012 Homework  Spelling pg 111  Worksheet Do Now  Spelling pg 110

March 14, 2012 HomeworkDo Now  Spelling pg 112  Grammar text pg #1-20  Bring Literature Text tomorrow  Worksheet