The Treaty of Versailles WHII 9b

Peace In July 1918, the Allies started winning more victories and gaining more ground from Germany. In July 1918, the Allies started winning more victories and gaining more ground from Germany. By the fall of 1918, new members of the German government wanted to negotiate for peace. By the fall of 1918, new members of the German government wanted to negotiate for peace. One by one, the Central Powers started backing out of the war. One by one, the Central Powers started backing out of the war.

11 th Month, 11 th Day, 11 th Hour On November 11 th, at 11:00 A.M., the Allies and Germany agreed to an armistice On November 11 th, at 11:00 A.M., the Allies and Germany agreed to an armistice –Armistice: a cease-fire agreement where neither side wins or loses. Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in Germany, and a republic is formed. Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in Germany, and a republic is formed. –Wilhelm blames the Jews and Socialists for Germany’s defeat.

Australia [1] [1] 61,92861,928152,171 Belgium [2] [2] 42,987104,98744,686 Canada [3] [3] 64,94466,944149,732 France [4] [4] 1,397,8001,697,8004,266,000 India [6] [6] 74,18774,18769,214 Italy [7] [7] 651,0101,240,010953,886 Romania [13] [13] 250,000680,000120,000 Russia [14] [14] 1,811,0003,311,0004,950,000 Serbia [15] [15] 275,000725,000133,148 United Kingdom [17] [17] 885,138994,1381,663,435 United States [18] [18] 116,708117,465205,690 TotalTotal (Entente Powers) Total5,696,05610,353,81312,809,280 Entente PowersMilitary Deaths Total DeathsMilitary Wounded

Central Powers Central Powers Military Deaths Total Deaths Military Wounded Austria-Hungary [19] [19] 1,100,0001,567,0003,620,000 Bulgaria [20] [20] 87,500187,500152,390 Germany [21] [21] 2,036,8972,462,8974,247,143 Ottoman Empire [22] [22] 800,0005,000,000400,000 Total Total (Central Powers) Total4,024,3979,415,3978,419,533

Casualties During World War I (in millions) CountryMobilizedCasualtiesPercentage Austria- Hungary Russia France Germany11763 Italy Britain U.S

The Big Four

What the Big Four Wanted…

France Get rid of Germany’s military. Get rid of Germany’s military. Germany pay them money (reparations) Germany pay them money (reparations) Put their Army in Germany until $$ was paid. Put their Army in Germany until $$ was paid.

Great Britain Agreed with France Agreed with France Wanted to make sure Germany was strong to keep it from becoming Communist. Wanted to make sure Germany was strong to keep it from becoming Communist.

Italy WANTED LAND!!!!!!! WANTED LAND!!!!!!!

United States Wanted democracy and self- determinations of nations. Wanted democracy and self- determinations of nations. Wanted a international body to keep peace in the world. Wanted a international body to keep peace in the world.

14 Points Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace. Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace. Wanted to make democracy safe for the world. Wanted to make democracy safe for the world.

Results of Treaty

1. War Guilt Clause France and Britain forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting WWI. France and Britain forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting WWI. Germany was mad, but could do nothing about it. Germany was mad, but could do nothing about it.

2. Germany Lost Land France takes back Alsace and Lorraine from Germany. France takes back Alsace and Lorraine from Germany. France keeps army in Germany until Germany pays up. France keeps army in Germany until Germany pays up.

3. German Military Germany was forced to disarm Germany was forced to disarm –Could only have 100,000 soldiers –Navy could only have 12 ships (no subs) –Could have no air force

4. Reparations Germany was forced to pay the Allies money to help rebuild after war. Germany was forced to pay the Allies money to help rebuild after war. Total amount was $33 billion dollars!! Total amount was $33 billion dollars!! –$392,433,486, today!!! –They had 50 years to repay all the money.

5. New Countries Created New countries were created out of Germany, Russia and Austrian-Hungarian Empire. New countries were created out of Germany, Russia and Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Countries were created based on language Countries were created based on language

6. League of Nations International body created to keep peace throughout world. International body created to keep peace throughout world. Problems: Problems: –Had no military force behind it. –United States and Russia did not join.

Impacts of Treaty of Versailles

1. Germans Felt the Treaty was Harsh They could not pay the reparations. They could not pay the reparations. The terms of the Treaty were disrespectful The terms of the Treaty were disrespectful Punishments made their economy go down the toilet Punishments made their economy go down the toilet

2. American Isolation America did not agree with what Pres. Wilson did. America did not agree with what Pres. Wilson did. The Senate voted against the Treaty and joining the League of Nations. The Senate voted against the Treaty and joining the League of Nations. The US spent the next 20 years ignoring what was happening in the world. The US spent the next 20 years ignoring what was happening in the world.

3. Colonies Colonies wanted to gain independence from Europe as a result of the war. Colonies wanted to gain independence from Europe as a result of the war. People started fighting and demanded independence one by one throughout the world. People started fighting and demanded independence one by one throughout the world.

4. End of Empires No more huge empires No more huge empires –Austrian-Hungarian –German –Russian –Ottoman