Review for assessment The Nerve of You!!!

Parts of the neuron

3 types of neurons 1.Sensory neuron – picks up a sense and carries it towards brain. a) sight – optic nerve b) touch – pain, pressure, temp. c) taste – taste buds d) smell – olfactory bulb e) sound - cochlea 2. Motor Neuron -- connects from brain to your muscles for MOVEMENT a) voluntary – choose b) involuntary – automatic!!

Notes for journal 3. interneuron – connects other neurons together Main Parts of the nervous system 1.CNS –central nervous system BRAIN!!!!! Spinal chord 2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous System Nerves – sensory, motor, interneuron

The Gap between 2 nerves The gap between 2 neurons is called the synapse. Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from the axon of one neuron and picked up by the dendrites of the next cell to continue the message #4

The Nervous System Can you now -Identify what roles different parts of the central nervous system play in behavior?

What is the difference? Parasympathetic – REST AND DIGEST Sympathetic – FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Chemical Communication: Neurotransmission Endorphins PROMOTE pleasure. Endorphins REDUCE pain. PLEASURE PAIN #6 FYI - Dopamine is an endorphin

3 main parts of the brain and their jobs Cerebrum – thinking Cerebellum – movement Brainstem – life functions like heartbeat

Homeostasis - ability to regulate ( keep the same) internal functions. Responding to stimuli to “save” yourself This hurts I’m hungry I’m thirsty I’m tired I’m hot I’m cold

neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters function: Dopamine for reducing pain and motor function Serotonin - sleep patterns, hunger Glutamate - learning, memories GABA - inhibits other neurotransmitters and “slows” responses Inhibitory neurotransmitters “block” other transmitters

Mouse lab – how drugs effect brain and body Heroin – blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released. very addictive and “do not care” attitude Ecstasy - reverses serotonin pathway. Do not sleep or eat Marijuana - blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released in areas of brain that control reactions, mood and hunger

Meth – acts like dopamine. Addictive Alcohol – Effects GABA ( motor skills) and Glutamate (memory/learning) Cocaine – blocks dopamine uptake (so too much dopamine in synapse) LSD- serotonin, completely out of it and hallucinate

Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified 1. Concussion -injury, brain knocks against skull 2. Stroke- blocked or burst blood vein in brain. Act FAST 3. ALS- degenerative disease, loose ability to swallow, talk, then walk. 3-5 yrs 4. Parkinson's - degenerative disease, causes tremors (shaking) 5. Encephalitis - infection of fluid around brain spinal chord, curable

6. Epilepsy - overactive brain (short circuits) causes seizures, meds 7. Multiple Sclerosis – attacks myelin. Degenerative muscle weakness, no cure 8. Meningitis - infection viral or bacterial of membrane around brain, curable but may have long term damage 9. Polio. Virus, causes paralysis, vaccine for it, not curable 1o. Alzheimer’s – tangles and plagues in brain destroy memories newest first then older ones and ability to think/reason Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified

Reflex Sensory neurons pickup "problem" Send signal to CNS, spinal chord responds back through motor neurons Signal still goes to brain but response is already happening “When it happens before you ‘know it’”