Chapters 2,3,4 & 5 Political

You need to consider the following How did the political patterns develop and fall in each area? What similarities and differences develop? What political styles turned out to be effective over other patterns?

China: Dynasties Development of a form of government known as the dynastic cycle Very centralized

The Dynasty Song Shang, Chou, Qin, Han ( SHONG, JOE, CHIN, HANN ) Sui, Tang, Song ( TSWAY, TONG, SOUNG ) Yuan, Ming, Qin, Republic ( u-JUAN, MING, CHING ) Mao Ze Dong, Deng Xiaoping ( MAO-TSE-DONG, DUNG-SHEEOU-PING )

Zhou Dynasty ( BCE) Ruled through alliances and noble families ▫ Will change throughout the span of the dynasty ▫ Feudal like ▫ Agricultural What did they do right? ▫ Expanded territory ▫ Mandate of Heaven (son of heaven) ▫ Confucius Dynastic Cycle fall of Zhou and rise of Qin

Qin Dynasty ( BCE) CENTRALIZATION ▫Qin Shi Huangdi : First Emperor ▫Legalism Very strong Major innovations ▫Increase central power ▫Census, weights & measures, standardized writing Qin was too harsh and taxes too high. It fell and the Han rose

Han Dynasty (202BCE – 220CE) Saw the validity of Central Control without being brutal Improved the state bureaucracy in order to create a more effective centralized government ▫Very successful Contact with India and Middle East Wu Ti: Famous Han Ruler ▫Confucianism ▫Improved Government functions

Political theory throughout the Dynasties Confucianism Regionalism Legalism

India: different kind of dynasties Very Regional From the beginning India was very individualistic. ▫Religion The trick with the two Indian dynasties was: ▫How do you control and connect ALL these different peoples

No song for this one Mauryan DynastyGupta Dynasty

Mauryan Dynasty Chandragupta ▫1 st rule to unify the subcontinent  India’s cultural and political identity is too individualistic and that made unification VERY difficult Ashoka ▫Expanded Mauryan land ▫Brutal until he converts to Buddhism After Ashoka the empire fell apart. ▫It was too difficult to unit for long

Gupta Dynasty Out of the instability came a new empire Larger Allowed for more regional control ▫Due to the individual nature of the subcontinent, this created more stability ▫No bureaucracy Uniformed code of laws

Let’s pause and talk about Persia

So Persia Founded by Cyrus the Great continued by Darius I Largest empire yet complex government 20 provinces headed by a satrap (governor) Taxes or tribute to the central government

Greece & Rome: “Democracy” Beginning of the thoughts of active participation in politics Developed out of a polis system (Greece) ▫Strong city-states ▫BUT they are able to come together under a centralize government Many of todays political theories started here

Direct Democracy: all can directly participate (if you are a citizen) ▫This is Greece ▫Why is this not reasonable Representative Democracy: all choose elected officials to represent them in government ▫Indirect Democracy ▫This is Rome (REPUBLIC)

Greece Two strongest city-states were Athens and Sparta ▫Also very different political theories  Oligarchy/militarism  Direct Democracy Pericles ▫Ruled during the Golden Age of Athens Fell to the Macedonian Kings in the North

Roman Republic Indirect Democracy Consuls Senate (patricians) Tribunes (plebeians) Twelve Tables: created a standardized system of laws and established rights for defendants When defeating others in battle: assimilated conquered people ▫Meant that many forms of political institutions

Roman Empire Augustus: First Emperor NOT a dynasty: succession often depended upon military strength Kept the Senate but it was basically useless. Roman law- Rules became more objective Laws as a regulator of social life

China (Not too bad) End of the dynastic cycle ▫God allowed invaders (Huns) to take over China so there wasn’t anyone with favor ▫Someone had to restart the cycle  Daoists: Yellow Turbans Sui  Tang Not a complete downfall ▫Basic core of the government was too strong to fall ▫Threatened but not destroyed

India (not great) Again invaders were able to dismantle the Gupta empire Central power over regional princes had been declining for awhile Different: ▫Invaders didn’t take over instead they were integrated into the warrior caste Rajput: regional princes Religion stayed strong

Greece & Rome (DONE) Slow decline into the abbess Normal problems we have already seen Death Spiral ▫Population decline ▫VERY bad emperors ▫Plague ▫Invaders ▫Alliances ▫New ideas

What were politics like during the classical period? What is similar throughout? What could be considered a pattern? This is a time of growth, change and conquest We see the emergence of 3 major areas of strength and influence