Susan A. Shaheen, Ph.D. Honda Distinguished Scholar Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways & ITS-Davis, University of California, Berkeley & Davis UCLA Policy Symposium October 16, 2001 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA SHARED VEHICLE PROGRAMS

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW  Shared Vehicles Defined  Shared Vehicle Overview  Shared Vehicle Overview  CarLink Defined  CarLink Defined  CarLink I Findings  CarLink I Findings  CarLink II Status & Updates  CarLink II Status & Updates

SHARED VEHICLES DEFINED Individuals Gain the Benefits of Private Cars Without the Costs and Responsibilities of OwnershipIndividuals Gain the Benefits of Private Cars Without the Costs and Responsibilities of Ownership Individuals Access a Fleet of CarsIndividuals Access a Fleet of Cars Participants Pay a Fee Per Use or Per MonthParticipants Pay a Fee Per Use or Per Month

SHARED VEHICLE MODELS Neighborhood CarsharingNeighborhood Carsharing Traditional Station CarsTraditional Station Cars Hybrid Model (e.g., Commuter- Based Carsharing)Hybrid Model (e.g., Commuter- Based Carsharing)

CARSHARING’S ROOTS Sefage (1948) of Zurich, SwitzerlandSefage (1948) of Zurich, Switzerland Recent Developments Began in 1980sRecent Developments Began in 1980s Over 200 Fleets Active in 400 CitiesOver 200 Fleets Active in 400 Cities Claim Over 150,000 ParticipantsClaim Over 150,000 Participants Mobility (Switzerland, 1987) and StattAuto (Germany, 1988)Mobility (Switzerland, 1987) and StattAuto (Germany, 1988)

U.S. SHARED VEHICLES: SUMMARY 15 Carsharing Organizations 15 Carsharing Organizations 5 Station Car Programs 5 Station Car Programs Total Members: 5,377 Total Members: 5,377 Total Vehicles: 280 Total Vehicles: Programs Planned 10 Programs Planned

WHAT IS CARLINK?  A Commuter Carsharing Model, Linked to Transit  A Commuter Carsharing Model, Linked to Transit  Public-Private Partnership  Public-Private Partnership  Smart Technologies  Smart Technologies  Three User Groups: Homebased Users, Workbased Commuters, and Workbased Day Users  Three User Groups: Homebased Users, Workbased Commuters, and Workbased Day Users

CARLINK MODEL Homebased Port Transitbased Port Employerbased Port

CARLINK I: BACKGROUND 10-Month Program, January to 10-Month Program, January to November 1999 November Natural Gas Honda Civics 12 Natural Gas Honda Civics Partners: Caltrans, PATH, Partners: Caltrans, PATH, American Honda, BART, and LLNL American Honda, BART, and LLNL East San Francisco Bay Area East San Francisco Bay Area Linked to Rail Transit (BART) Linked to Rail Transit (BART)

CARLINK: RESEARCH PURPOSE Problem: Most U.S. Trips Driven Alone by Car. Can More Efficient System Link Shared-Use Fleets to Transit? Objectives: Evaluate CarLink Response, Gather User and Economic Data, and Test Service, and Advanced Technologies

CARLINK I: KEY FINDINGS Environmental Concern HighEnvironmental Concern High Reduced Cost & Increased Convenience Key Usage FactorsReduced Cost & Increased Convenience Key Usage Factors Users Wanted More Mixed Fleet (e.g., Pickup Truck)Users Wanted More Mixed Fleet (e.g., Pickup Truck) Members Would Share Rides More Frequently, If Communication FacilitatedMembers Would Share Rides More Frequently, If Communication Facilitated

CARLINK I: KEY FINDINGS If a Permanent Service, Several Homebased Users Would Sell Personal VehiclesIf a Permanent Service, Several Homebased Users Would Sell Personal Vehicles Net Reduction in Vehicle Miles Per Day (~20 Miles) for CarLink CommutersNet Reduction in Vehicle Miles Per Day (~20 Miles) for CarLink Commuters At Least 20 New BART Trips Generated Per DayAt Least 20 New BART Trips Generated Per Day

 Launched July 26, 2001  Launched July 26, 2001  Public-Private Partnership: Caltrans, Honda, PATH, UC Davis, Caltrain, and Stanford Business Park  Public-Private Partnership: Caltrans, Honda, PATH, UC Davis, Caltrain, and Stanford Business Park CARLINK II: STATUS

 Homebased Users and Business Subscribers (Multiple Employers)  27 ULEV Civics, Based at Caltrain CARLINK II: COMPONENTS

Advanced Seamless Technology: GPS, In-Vehicle Navigation, Smart Key Access, On-Line Reservations CARLINK II: TECHNOLOGIES

CARLINK II: STATUS  Employers: SAP, Motorola, Genencor, Packard Foundation  Over 80 Participants Enrolled  Users Driven 4,000 Miles  Plans to Transition Operations 

CARLINK II: EVALUATION  Pre-Launch Focus Groups, Aided Final Design (Fall 2000)  Participants Complete On-Line Questionnaires and Travel Diaries  In-Vehicle Technology Tracks/Sends VMT, User ID, Time, Fuel, and Location

CARLINK II: EARLY FINDINGS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)  American Honda Motor Company, Inc.  American Honda Motor Company, Inc.  Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways  Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways  Caltrain  Caltrain  Stanford Business Park  Stanford Business Park  CarLink II Team