Imperialism Warm Up – Define the following: 1.Imperialism 2.Industrialization 3.Nationalism 4.Racism 5.Social Darwinism

1.Imperialism – A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and socially 2.Industrialization – A policy by which people move from an agarian based society to a manufacturing based society. 3.Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than to a king or ruler. 4.Racism – Belief in the superiority of one race. 5.Social Darwinism – ideas about “survival of the fittest” applied to humans.

Why Imperialism? Empire Building Empire Building Economics Economics Political and Military Interests Political and Military Interests Power and Authority Power and Authority Nineteenth Century – 1800s Nineteenth Century – 1800s British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire Examine the map below and then decide what the title means.

Forms of Imperialism FormDefinitionExample Colony A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power. Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony. Protectorate A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power. Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta.

Forms of Imperialism Continued Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. Various countries claimed “spheres of influence” in China. Which ones? Economic Imperialism An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments. The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii.

Imperial Management Methods Indirect ControlDirect Control Local government officials used. Limited self-rule. Goal: to develop future leaders. Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules. Foreign officials brought in to rule. No self-rule Government institutions are based only on European styles. Examples: British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma Examples: French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam. German colonies such as German East Africa. Portuguese colonies such as Angola.

Imperialism and Empire - Africa Mapping Imperialism Activity Mapping Imperialism Activity 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states 1914 – With the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Africa was controlled by Europeans 1914 – With the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Africa was controlled by Europeans

Ottoman Empire Conquerer of Constantinople becomes “Sick Man of Europe” Conquerer of Constantinople becomes “Sick Man of Europe” Suleyman the LawgiverSuleyman the Lawgiver Pattern of killing sons and Pattern of killing sons and brothers weakens govt Corrupt, thieving, Corrupt, thieving,factious No more technological No more technologicalprogress

Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire. Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire loses power after Suleyman dies. Everyone loves the Mediterranean! U.S. creates a navy to combat the Barbary Pirates there. Ottoman Empire loses power after Suleyman dies. Everyone loves the Mediterranean! U.S. creates a navy to combat the Barbary Pirates there. Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Sea) and warm water port (Black Sea). Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Sea) and warm water port (Black Sea). Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Britain and France join Ottomans to defeat Russia. Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Britain and France join Ottomans to defeat Russia.

Egypt Egypt once part of Ottoman Egypt once part of Ottoman Empire, but independent under leader Muhammad Ali began a series of economic and military reforms.

Thinking Geopolitically... Egypt Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and France. Think geopolitically. Why? Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and France. Think geopolitically. Why?

Suez Canal Europeans needed faster way from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. Canal cut through isthmus, connecting Med to Red. Europeans needed faster way from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. Canal cut through isthmus, connecting Med to Red. The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies. The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies. Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain. Why interested? Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain. Why interested? 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal miles cut, 100 miles long, 2.4 million workers, 125,000 casualties miles cut, 100 miles long, 2.4 million workers, 125,000 casualties.

Persia Pressured to Change Russia and Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially. Russia and Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially. Persia lacked the capital to develop its own resources, so it began granting concessions to Western businesses. (tobacco and oil) Persia lacked the capital to develop its own resources, so it began granting concessions to Western businesses. (tobacco and oil)

Forces Enabling African and Indian Imperialism European technological superiority European technological superiority SteamboatsSteamboats Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun LocomotiveLocomotive TelegraphTelegraph Europeans had the means to control their empires Europeans had the means to control their empires Easy travelEasy travel Wide spread communicationWide spread communication African and Indian disunity African and Indian disunity Huge variety of cultures and religionHuge variety of cultures and religion Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures Huge business interests and support from companiesHuge business interests and support from companies

What is direct control? 1. Foreign leaders come in to govern. 2. Foreign leaders come in to help lead. 3. Local leaders take charge of foreign country’s policy. 4. Local leaders govern Seconds Seconds Remaining Remaining

What is indirect control 1. Foreign leaders govern. 2. Foreign leaders come in to help lead. 3. Local leaders take control of outside country’s foreign policy. 4. Local leaders govern how they want

Geopolitics is __________ 1. an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products. 2. an interest in or taking land for political reasons. 3. an interest in or taking of land for geographical reasons. 4. an interest in or taking land for economic reasons Seconds Seconds Remaining Remaining

The Crimean War was between 1. Russia v. Britain 2. Russia v. Britain & France 3. Russia v. France 4. Russia v. Ottoman, Britain, & France

What project created large amounts of debt for Egypt? 1. Panama Canal construction. 2. Suez Canal construction. 3. Root canal construction. 4. Croydon Canal construction

Foreign businesses wanted to exploit Persia for two major resources which included _____ & _______. 1. tobacco & cotton 2. cotton & oil 3. wheat & tobacco 4. tobacco & oil

British in India British East India company controlled much of India using sepoys. British East India company controlled much of India using sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private police Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private police Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire Cotton textile making outlawed in India Cotton textile making outlawed in India India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.” India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.”

Negative Impacts of Colonialism in India British held most political power. British held most political power. British emphasis on British emphasis on cash crops & restriction of Indian-owned industries led to famines. Presence of missionaries Presence of missionaries threatened traditional Indian life. Racism widespread. Caste Racism widespread. Caste system didn't help.

Positive Impacts Construction of the world’s 3 rd largest railway network throughout India. Construction of the world’s 3 rd largest railway network throughout India. Telegraph and telephone lines were also developed. Telegraph and telephone lines were also developed. Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to modernize. Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to modernize. Some estimates – Some estimates – literacy increased. Banned widows Banned widows immolating selves on husbands' funeral pyres (sati).

Sepoy Mutiny Growing resentment Europeans attempting to convert Indians Growing resentment Europeans attempting to convert Indians to Christianity. Add economic problems. Add economic problems. Mutiny started Mutiny started with rumors rifles greased w/ beef & pork. Muslims and Hindus Muslims and Hindus were outraged.

Imperialism and Empire - India The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India. Took over from British East India Company. The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India. Took over from British East India Company. The British established control of India and its neighbors by The British established control of India and its neighbors by The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire! The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!

The Age of Imperialism, To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade. Nationalism Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized. Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world. Missionary Spirit Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies. Economic Competition Causes

The Age of Imperialism, Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Colonization Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia. Christianization Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies. Colonial Economics Effects Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.