The Reformation Chapter 17 Group 4 Melissa Tarr

7.9 Students Analyze the Historical Development of the Reformation 1. List the causes for the internal turmoil in and weakening of the Catholic church (e.g., tax policies, selling of indulgences). (Group 4, Chapter 17) 2. Describe the theological, political, and economic ideas of the major figures during the Reformation (e.g., Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale). (Group 4, Chapter 17) 3. Explain Protestants' new practices of church self-government and the influence of those practices on the development of democratic practices and ideas of federalism. (Group 4, Chapter 17) 4. Identify and locate the European regions that remained Catholic and those that became Protestant and explain how the division affected the distribution of religions in the New World.Analyze how the Counter-Reformation revitalized the Catholic church and the forces that fostered the movement (e.g., St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits, the Council of Trent). (Group 4, Chapter 17) 5. Understand the institution and impact of missionaries on Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity from Europe to other parts of the world in the medieval and early modern periods; locate missions on a world map. (Group 4, Chapter 17) 6. Describe the Golden Age of cooperation between Jews and Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in art, literature, and science, including how that cooperation was terminated by the religious persecution of individuals and groups (e.g., the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492). (Group 4, Chapter 17)

List the causes for the internal turmoil in and weakening of the Catholic Church List the causes for the internal turmoil in and weakening of the Catholic Church Tax Policies  1300’s - Catholic Church heavily taxed the people  Bishops behaved like Kings  building palaces  fine arts  relatives have jobs

Selling of Indulgences Indulgences – a pardon from the Church for a person’s sinIndulgences – a pardon from the Church for a person’s sin Given out before, not usually soldGiven out before, not usually sold 1500’s Pope needed money1500’s Pope needed money Repair St. Peter’s Church Repair St. Peter’s Church Sold in Northern Germany Sold in Northern Germany

7.9.2 – Describe the theological, political, and economic ideas of the major figures during The Reformation Martin Luther  Catholic monk challenged the Roman Catholic Church in 1516  Argued Pope not deciding factor of who goes to heaven  Challenge lead to the creation of new church, Protestantism

Desiderius Erasmus ► Scholar/ Clergyman of the Christian Humanism movement ► Goal - translate bible into the vernacular ► everyone understand the words of God

John Calvin ► Founder of idea of Calvinism ► Main idea – God’s will is absolute, everything decided in advance ► Calvinism encouraged people work hard and behave

William Tyndale ► English scholar/ translator became leading figure in Protestant reformism ► 1 st translate most of the Bible into English

7.9.3 – Explain Protestants’ new practice of church self-government and the influences of those practices on the development of democratic practices and ideas of federalism. Calvinism's Influences on Democracy ► Congregation's choice of elders and ministers Influenced English and English settlers in America ► People choose political leaders

The Counter-Reformation  1500’s and 1600’s Catholic Church’s efforts to convince people to return to the Church  Pope Paul III understood need to reform the Church

Council of Trent ► made Catholic beliefs clears, ► set up strict rules for behavior of bishops and priests ► Seminary founded - school for training and educating priests

The Jesuits ► 1540 new order of priests ► the Society of Jesus “Jesuits”  taught,  preached  fought heresy ► Heresy – a religious belief that contradicts what the Church says is true

St. Ignatius of Loyola ► Solider fought against Jesuits ► Wounded in battle ► Read Christian saints ► Became a solider for Jesus Christ

Understand the institution and impact of missionaries on Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity from Europe to other parts of the world in the medieval and early modern periods; locate missions on a world map Christian Missionaries  Part of Counter-Reformation committed spreading Catholicism  Jesuits were missionaries in 1500’s to 1600’s  French and Spanish Jesuits in Asia and America

The World’s Missions ► America - Native Americans “Black Robes” ► Japan - 1st 1549 converted thousands by the 1600’s ► Philippine Islands – success, largest Catholic majority ► Vietnam - tried to convert, expelled by Vietnam’s emperor

Describe the Golden Age of cooperation between Jews and Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in art, literature, and science, including how that cooperation was terminated by the religious percussion of individual and groups The Golden Age ► non Muslims pay taxes ► limited their rights, but they did not try to ► Never killed or expelled people of different religions ► Maimondies - Jewish poet and thinker born in Golden Age Spain

Spanish Inquisition ► Expulsion of Jews and Muslims ► 1492 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ordered to convert to Catholicism of leave ► Spanish Inquisition – Catholic court investigate a person’s faith ► cruel ► tortures invented force guilty confession ► 2,000 Spaniards were executed