3. John Wycliff attacked Church through writings & sermons.
Encouraged people to read and interpret the Bible for themselves instead of believing whatever the Church told them
Supported of John Wycliffe’s ideas
Church called him a HERETIC
Church burned him at the stake for his views
Disliked the selling of INDULGENCES (paying to have sins forgiveness)
Challeged the Church by nailing 95 THESES to the door of a Church in Wittenberg

4. a movement to change an institution or practice
HUMANISM led people to question Church authority.
HUMANISM led people to put their faith in human reason, rather than just accepting whatever authorities said was true.
STRONG MONARCHS (kings) resented [disliked] the power of the Church and began to support reformers who also resented the power of the Church.
Ordinary people believed the Church was becoming too SECULAR [worldy, non-religious] because it fought for power and wealth
Ordinary people hated increased fees for marriages and baptisms
SELLING OF INDULGENCES or pardons for sins

5. PROTESTANTS Lutheran Church Calvinst Church
A period when Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian churches.
PROTESTANTS
disliked the sale of indulgences (buying sin forgiveness), didn’t believe priests had special powers
believed people are born sinners, preached predestination
Lutheran Church
Calvinst Church

6. HERETICS

7. From France
published a book with religious beliefs
Supporter of Martin Luther
Started the Calvinist Church which believed:
predestination: the belief that God had determined before the beginning of time who would gain salvation and go to heaven
lifestyle: strict, disciplined, frugal

8. Queen of England ( )
Tried to create a compromise between the Catholic church and new Protestant beliefs
She was a Protestant but allowed Catholic religious symbols
Reduced religious conflict

9. 1545
threat of the Protestant Reformation and challenges to the Church’s authority
Catholic Council meeting organized to guide the
Counter-Reformation
strengthen the Catholic Church
preventing people from converting to Protestant churches like Lutheranism and Calvinism
Ignatius Loyola and
the Jesuits
Index of Banned
Books
Inquisition

10. Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesuits
Jesuits believed in strict obedience to the Catholic Church
Jesuits = defenders of Catholic Church
missionaries → travelled to Asia, Africa and the Americas to spread Catholicism

11. Jews were persecuted
forced to live in separate neighborhoods
murdered/killed
expelled from homes