INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, POLICY, & LAW

International Organization, Policy, & Law  4 Most Important Things to Know about IO  4 Most Important Things to Know about Foreign Policy  4 Most Important Things to Know about IL

~The Basics ~Evolution ~Expansion ~Cooperation International Organization

IO: Basics What is International Organization?  Note ‘Organization’, no ‘s’  Modern system  Actors  Issues

IO: Evolution Universal Concern for Humans  Int’l Peace Conferences, The Hague (1899, 1907)  Responsibility  League of Nations  United Nations Growth in membership  IGOs, NGOs

IO Evolution About the United Nations  Purpose  Effectiveness  Structure  Transnational issues Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary General

IO: Expansion Expansion of IO  Increased international contact  Increased interdependence  Expansion of transnational problems  Failure of current state-centered system to provide security  Efforts of small states to gain strength through joint action  Provide role models

IO Cooperation: IGOs  Interactive Arena  Self-interest  NATO  Center for Cooperation  Functionalism  ECOWAS  Independent International Actor  Proactive  UN  Supranational Governance  Authority  EU Very traditional Less traditional More alternative Very alternative

~The Basics ~Evolution ~Expansion ~Cooperation International Organization Recap

~The Basics ~Who Influences FP within States ~What Influences FP Making ~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings Foreign Policy

The Basics What is Foreign Policy? What is Diplomacy  Formal relations  Sovereignty  Recognize with an EmbassyEmbassy Objective  National self-interest Modern era  Treaty of Versailles, 1919

About Foreign Policy Diplomacy Who is the most important diplomat for a country? Head of Government Country France, Russia, Brazil United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan China, Czech Republic Germany Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar Title President Prime Minister Premier Chancellor King

About Foreign Policy Diplomacy Head of State—Figurehead Country United States, China, Germany, Brazil France, Russia United Kingdom, Morocco, Thailand, Japan Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar Title President Prime Minister King or Queen King

About Diplomacy Who Else?  Head of Government  Head Foreign Affairs Officer  Ambassadors  Civil servants  Foreign Service Officers CountryTitle USSecretary of State UKForeign Secretary FranceMinister of State ChinaMinister of Foreign Affairs William Hague, British Foreign Secretary

Who Influences FP Making within States? 1. Executive Branch 2. Legislative Branch 3. Interest Groups 4. Voters 5. Political Opposition 6. Bureaucracy 7. Media

What Influences Foreign Policy? Intermestic Issues  Domestic and Int’l Factors  Let’s build a road in Kentucky  Two-Level Games  Level One Diplomat to Diplomat  Level Two Diplomat to Population

What Influences Foreign Policy? Two Levels Diplomat Diplomat with hat Diplomat to Diplomat Diplomat to Population

What Influences Foreign Policy? 2 Levels of Eurozone Crisis Domestic Level Greeks International Level Domestic Level Germans Gov’t: Fix economy Protest against changes Coordinate economic policy Gov’t  Save euro Germans upset Domestic Level Greeks Gov’t: Fix economy Protest against changes Domestic Level Greeks International Level Gov’t: Fix economy Protest against changes Coordinate economic policy

Different FP Diplomacy Settings Situations & Policy Environments  Hostile Diplomacy  Armed/potential armed  Adversarial Diplomacy  Little chance of conflict  Coalition Diplomacy  Cooperation  Mediation Diplomacy  3 rd party

~The Basics ~Who Influences FP within States ~What Influences FP Making ~Different Types of FP Diplomacy Settings Foreign Policy: Recap

~The Basics ~Primitive Nature ~Western Phenomenon ~Adherence International Law

IL: The Basics  Based on customs, agreements, treaties  Increased over time  More actors  More contact  Increased interdependence  Greater need to coordinate policies, actions

IL: Primitive Nature  Not legislated  Based on customs & agreements  No overarching enforcement authority  Sovereign states pursue self-interests

IL: Western Phenomenon  European, then US domination  Father of International Law  Age of Reason  Natural Law Hugo Grotius ( )

IL: Western Phenomenon  Early law  war  Contemporary law  transnational issues  Differences between cultures  Cultural relativism

~Adherence Issues~ International Law

Adherence  Compliance is voluntary  Means of enforcement  Most states obey international laws- Why?Why? Reputation Long-term benefits v. short term losses Employ means to convince states to comply Sets precedence for cooperation So, is international law really law?  Sovereignty v. adherence

~The Basics ~Primitive Nature ~Western Phenomenon ~Adherence International Law: Recap