Chapter 10 Foreign Policy and Internationalism Social Studies 20-2 Chapter 10 Foreign Policy and Internationalism

Key Terms Gross National Income Tied Aid

Chapter Issue Volunteer to read the opening paragraph page 223 Respond to the bulleted questions

Setting Foreign Policy Read page 224 Foreign policy decisions mimic community decisions- electing a leader, setting goals, obeying laws and interactions within the community Decisions on whether to enter bilateral or multi-lateral agreements and treaties, to work out ways to settle disputes with other nation-states are examples of foreign policy decisions These decisions are developed by politicians, diplomats, and experts in foreign relations

Influences on Foreign Policy Decisions These decisions in military dictatorships are easy because the leader makes all the decisions and does not consult with the people of the country In democracies, setting foreign policies is more complicated because these decisions must reflect the beliefs, values, and goals of its countries citizens Of the chart of influences to Canada’s foreign policy page 225, which groups(s) do you think have the most influence?

Foreign Policy Goals Must reflect the values of Canadians Enable Canada to develop a blueprint for the future, then act on it

Foreign Policy in a Globalizing World Read page 226 Globalization has changed international politics Multi-national corporations, as well as international business, labour and humanitarian organizations have become more important that the role of countries Canada’s foreign affairs are dealt with by the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada department- now a combined cabinet. What does that combination reflect in the world? How might joining these two departments affect Canada’s approach to international trade and foreign policy?

How can Nation-States Promote Internationalism Through Foreign Policy? International Laws and Agreements Signing agreements to meet common elements Peacekeeping Maintaining peace around the world Foreign Aid Money to support of developing nations

Promoting Peace Read page 228 Two major foreign policy tools that nation-states use to achieve this goal are: Incentives – offering international relations, provided certain conditions are met- Read the FYI page 228 Sanctions – cutting off relations, such as trade, with a state until hostile behaviour stops- Example USA 50 year trade embargo with Cuba

Comparing Foreign Policy Strategies Use pages 229-233 to complete handout 3.10.2 “comparing foreign policy strategies” Give an example of the foreign policy strategy, how does using that strategy benefit a country’s national interest? How does it promote Internationalism?- the belief that all members of the global community accept the collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world

Peacekeeping and Internationalism After World War Two – the world created the United Nation and needed an effective way to maintain international peace and security – formed the Security Council which has the authority to investigate and monitor potential crises Security Council can use various strategies to negotiate solutions: Sanctions or in some cases launch military action Peacekeeping is the security council’s key military strategy All UN members must make some armed forces available for peace keeping missions but every nation has the right to determine which mission to partake in

Being a Peacekeeper Only go in when fighting has stopped-to monitor a ceasefire Protect humanitarian workers Troops must follow these guidelines: Consent – respect the country they are in Impartiality – must not take sides Self-defence – may use force only to defend themselves

International Law and Agreements UN International Court of Justice ( World Court ) – interprets laws and tries to settle disputes between countries peacefully, because often foreign policies may conflict.

International Law of the Sea Rules for the high seas – parts of the ocean that lie beyond the territorial waters of any country ( outside 22 km ) Countries have the sole right to control fishing, mining and the environment in an area up to 370 km from their coast

Foreign Aid and Internationalism 0.7 percent solution Countries spend 0.7% of their gross national income on foreign aid ( total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year) Not everyone complies with this number Some countries believe the money could be used better elsewhere

Criticism of Foreign Aid Policies Please read page 235 Competing Motives Countries may use money to prop up a weak government in order to protect their interests Tied Aid Aid with strings attached Lack of consultation Aid not appropriate for the culture of the country Complex Delivery Systems Too many hands in the pot – confusion Bureaucracy To many layers of government delays the people who need the aid – getting it Corruption Officials in receiving countries sometimes seize money and supplies instead of distributing Brain Drain- working for the aid agencies instead of starting their own business’s

Perspectives on Foreign Aid Please read page 236 Identify the concerns expressed by each speaker or writer

Canadian Foreign Policy Please read page 237, 240-241 Canada has to choose its foreign policies wisely. DO they reflect internationalism or do they reflect nationalism?

Land mines and foreign Policy Banning Land mines How is banning land mines an example of foreign policy?

Ottawa Treaty In 1997 Lloyd Axworthy (Canadian foreign affairs minister) took action. He organized an international meeting to ban the use of landmines and remove existing ones. By mid-2007 157 countries had signed the treaty. How does Canada’s leadership on the issue of landmines show its commitment to internationalism?

Chapter 10 quiz Tomorrow!