2. Foreign Policy Foreign Policy – a nation’s plan for dealing with other nations. GOALS OF FOREIGN POLICY: 1. National Security – the ability to keep the country safe. - the primary goal of foreign policy The US spends over $540 Billion dollars per year on national security.

3. Goals of Foreign Policy 2. International Trade: creates markets for American products and jobs for Americans. - Must have for economic prosperity 3. Promoting World Peace: keeping others at peace keeps the US at peace. - war endangers trade/national security 4. Promote Democracy/Basic human rights - encourages peace

4. Foreign Policy Bureaucracies State Department Defense Department Central Intelligence Agency National Security Council President’s Daily Brief: The world’s most current intelligence information is provided to the President for making decisions.

5. 5 Tools of Foreign Policy 1. Creating Treaties/Executive Agreements: Treaty – formal agreement between governments of two or more countries. - must be approved by Senate (2/3 vote) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): - defense treaty between Europe, Canada, and US Executive Agreement – agreement between the President and another country’s leader. - bypasses Senate, but temporary.

6. Tools of Foreign Policy 2. Appointing Ambassadors Ambassador – official representative of a country’s government. - President appoints 150, must be Senate approved - appointed only to countries that the US recognizes/accepts 3. Foreign Aid Money or food, military assistance, or other supplies to help countries. Example: Marshall Plan after WWII

7. Tools of Foreign Policy 4. International Trade The President makes trade rules and agreements with other countries. Trade Sanctions – punish other countries by imposing trade barriers. (Not Very Effective) Embargo – agreement by a group of nations prohibiting trade with a target nation. (ex. Cuba) 5. Military Force A powerful tool of foreign policy, but must be used with care.

8. Constitutional Powers The Constitution gives the President the power to: -Veto bills passed in Congress -Serve as commander in chief of armed forces -Make treaties w/ Senate approval -Pardon convicted criminals -Appoint heads of federal: Agencies, court judges, and other government officials. (w/ Senate approval)

9. Roles of the President 1. Chief Executive – most important - carry out laws passed by congress - delegates power to federal departments. - Executive Order – rule or command from the President that has the force of law. (Constitutional Authority: “take care that the laws are faithfully executed.”)

10. Roles of the President 2. Chief Diplomat - directs the foreign policy of the U.S. 3. Commander in Chief - Shares power to make war w/ Congress - War Powers Resolution – President must notify congress within 48 hours when troops are sent into battle - troops must return in 60 days unless Congress gives approval

11. Roles of the President 4. Legislative leader -Every President has a legislative program -Most of the bills congress considers come from the executive branch. 5. Head of State -Symbolic, greets foreign diplomats, ceremonies.

12. Roles of the President 6. Economic Leader -plans the federal budget 7. Party Leader -gives speeches to help other party members running for office -helps raise money