13 th Amendment 1865 Ended Slavery

14 th Amendment 1868 Everyone is a citizen of the US and the state in which they reside. Due Process Clause Equal Protection Clause

15 th Amendment 1870 Right to vote for all men.

Civil Rights Cases 1883 Discrimination legal by private citizens.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Separate but Equal in public facilities. Jim Crow Laws are constitutional.

Brown v. Board of Education May 17, 1954 Separate cannot be equal. Provides legal ground for Civil Rights Movement. Considered the start of the movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Proposed by JFK. Prohibited Discrimination in public facilities and in inter state commerce. Created EEOC Gave Justice Depart ability to act.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Uniform standards of voter registration. Federal govt. could register voters.

Ku Klux Klan 1865 Started after the Civil War by former Confederate Officers to prevent Blacks from voting, resist reconstruction, limit black education.

Ku Klux Klan Predominate throughout the South. Found nation wide. Membership has grown and declined throughout the years.

The Hate List Blacks Catholics Jews Immigrants

WASP White Anglo Saxon Protestant

Laws that created segregation in public places. Jim Crow

De Jure: De Facto: Segregation

NAACP1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Attacked civil rights violations in court. Attacked de jure segregation.

CORE Congress of Racial Equality. Dedicated to bringing about change in favor of equal rights, in a non-violent way.

SCLC1957 Southern Christian Leadership Conference Martin Luther King Jr. Black clergymen Non-violent Protest Focuses the movement on the South.

SNCC Ella Baker 1960 Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee College Students

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her seat. Blacks refused to ride city buses for a year. Supreme Court ruled against segregation on the buses.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Demonstrated that protests could be successful. Launched Martin Luther King Jr. into national prominence.

James Meredith1961 Applied to enter University of Mississippi. Denied Filed a lawsuit and won. Required US Marshal’s and army troops to escort him.

James Meredith First night at Ole Miss. 160 Federal marshal’s shot 2 bystanders shot 1 person killed on the first night alone.

Ole Miss After a riot in which two people were killed and 375 were wounded, President Kennedy sent 3,000 troops to restore order and allow Mr. Meredith to register as a student.

Emmett Till1955 Young man from Chicago visiting relatives in Mississippi for the summer. Killed because he talked to a white woman and claimed to have white girlfriends.

Emmett Till Two men who did were tried and found innocent despite being identified by Till’s uncle.

School Integration1957 Central High School Little Rock, Arkansas. Orval Fabus, Governor, order the National Guard deployed to prevent nine black students from attending.

School Integration1957 A direct challenge to the authority of the Supreme Court and the President. President Eisenhower ordered the National Guard placed under Federal control. Sent in regular troops to force integration.

Freedom Summer 1964 Voter Registration Drive Mississippi All major Civil Rights Groups participated. Klan violence greeted the volunteers.

Freedom Summer 1964 Three civil rights workers killed by the Klan. Aided by Deputy Sheriff’s Movie Mississippi Burning tells the story.